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and can also be identified by smoke from a ground source that flattens out below a ceiling
<br />layer and moves laterally in a concentrated cloud,
<br />Soil Conditions
<br />• Soil must be in good tilth, free of large clods, and filled at a minimum to the depth of the
<br />treatment zone. Large clods can prevent effective soil sealing and reduce effectiveness
<br />of the application. If subsurface soil compaction layers (hardpans) are present within the
<br />intended fumigation treatmentzone, adeep tillage to fracture these layers must occur prior
<br />to or during the sof) fumigant appl(catior%
<br />* Plant residue that is present must not interfere with the application or the soil seal. .,Non-
<br />decomposed plant material may harbor pests that will not be controlled by fumigation.
<br />Crop residue that is present must Ile tat to permit the soil to,be sealed effectively and limit
<br />the nahrral "chimneys' that mey occur in the soli when plant residue is present These
<br />"chimneys" allow the soil fumigants to move through the soil quickly and escape into the
<br />atmosphere. This may create ppotentially harmful conditions for workers and bystanders
<br />and Smits the efficacy of the; fumigant. Plant residue on the field serves to prevent sat
<br />erosion from both wind and water,
<br />Sail Temperature
<br />• At the beginning of the application, the soil temperature at the injection depth must be.
<br />between 351 and 90'F measured at 3 inches In depth,
<br />• If airtemperatures have been above 100'F in any of the three days prior to application,
<br />then soil temperature must be measured and recorded in the. FMR Record temperature
<br />measurements at the application depth or 12 inches, whichever is shallower.
<br />Sail Moisture
<br />• The soil moisture in the top six inches of soil must be between 60% to 80% of available
<br />water capacity immediately pdorto the application, subjectto the exception. below,
<br />• EXCEPTION: In areas where soil moisture must exceed available water capacity to form a
<br />tied (e.g., Certain regions in Florida), soil moisture Content may exceed the 80%
<br />• if appropriate measuring equipment is not used to determine whether the soil moisture
<br />tri the top six.inches of soil is between 60% to 80% available water capacity immediately
<br />pr or the application, the USDA Feel and Appearance Method test may be used to
<br />estimate whether the 60% to 80% soil moisture content requirement is met;
<br />o For coarse textured soils (fine sand and loamy fine sand) there must be enough
<br />moisture (50 - 75% of available water capacity) to form a weak ball with loose and
<br />clustered sand grains on fingers, darkened color, moderate water staining on fingers,
<br />will not ribbon.
<br />o For moderately coarse textured soils (sandy loam and fine sandy loam) there must
<br />be enough moisture (50 - 75% ofavaiiable water capacity) to form a ball with defined
<br />finger marks, very light soillwater staining on fingers, darkened color will not stick.
<br />o Formedium textured soils (sandy clay loam, loam, and siitioam) there must be enough
<br />moisture (50 - 75% of available water capacity) to form a ball, very light staining on
<br />fingers, darkened color, pliable, and forms a weak ribbon between the thumb and
<br />forfino Forflne textured soils (clay, clay loam, and silty clay loam) there must be enough
<br />moisture (50 - 75% of available water capacity) to form a smooth ball with defined
<br />finger marksi light soil/water staining on fingers, ribbons between thumb and
<br />forefinger,
<br />o For fields with more than one soil texture, soil moisture content in the lightest
<br />textured (most sandy)'areas must comply with this soil moisture requirement The
<br />Heid may be divided into areas of similar soil texture and the soil moisture of each
<br />area should be adjusted as needed. Coarser textured soils can be fumigated under
<br />conditions of highersoii moisture than finer textured soils; however, If the soil moisture
<br />fa foo high, fumigant movementwiil be retarded and effectiveness of the treatment wilt
<br />be reduced. Previous and/or local experience with the soil to be treated or the crop to
<br />be planted can often serve as a guide to conditions that will be acceptable, If there is
<br />uncertainty in determining the soil moisture content of the area to be treated, a local
<br />extension service or sail conservationist or pest control advisor (agriculture consuitanq
<br />should be Consulted for assistance.
<br />• if there is Insufficient moisture throughout the top six inches below the surface of soil
<br />immediately prior to the application, the soil moisture must be adjusted. If there is
<br />adequate soil moisture below six inches, soil moisture can be brought to the surface by
<br />tillage before the application. To conserve soil moisture, tillage should be_done as close to
<br />the time of application as possible.
<br />• Applications mustbe followed immediately with 0.20 to 0.50 inches of water through solid
<br />set sprinklers.
<br />• A minimum of two or more water seals must be applied; one water seal on the first evening
<br />of the application and the second on the second evening of the day after application.
<br />Application and Equipment Directions
<br />• Anti -siphon and back-flow prevention devices must be installed and in working order,
<br />• Tanks must be in good condition to ensure product does not spill or leak.
<br />• Tanks must have sealable covers on access ports.
<br />• Tanks must have proper pesticide labels affixed to them.
<br />•
<br />All tanks, hoses, fittings, valves and connections must be serviceable, tightened, sealed
<br />and not leaking.
<br />• Dry disconnect couplings (closed transfer system) must be installed on all tanks and
<br />AUG 1 2015
<br />ENVIPONIMPN TAO. -
<br />transfer hoses.
<br />• Use only tanks, hoses and fittings designed to withstand the pressure of the system and
<br />resistant to metam.
<br />• For undiluted product, aluminum, brass, copper, galvanized iron, and zinc materials cannot
<br />be used.
<br />• Each nozzle must be equlppedwith a flow monitor, e.g., mechanical electronic; or Red -ball
<br />type monitor.
<br />• To Inject fumigant, use a metering system, effectively designed and constructed of
<br />materials that ora compatible with the fumigant and capable of being fitted with system
<br />interlocking controls.
<br />• Nozzles and metering devices are of correct size and are sealed and unobstructed.
<br />• The system must contain a functional check valve, vacuum relief valve, Inspection port,
<br />and low-pressure drain appropriately located on the irrigation pipeline to prevent water
<br />source contamination from backflow.
<br />• The pesticide injectidn pipeline must contain a functional, automatic, quick -closing check
<br />valve to prevent the flow of fluid toward the injection pump.
<br />• The pesticide injection pipeline must also contain a functional, normally -closed, solenoid -
<br />operated valve located on the intake side of the injection pump and connected to the
<br />system interlock to prevent fluid from being withdrawn from the supply tank when the
<br />irrigation system is either automatically or manually shutdown.
<br />• The system must contain functional interlocking controls to automatically shut off the
<br />pesticide Injection pump when the water pump motor stops.
<br />• The irrigation line or water pump. most include a functional pressure switch that will stop
<br />the water pump motor when the water pressure decreases to the point where pesticide
<br />distribution is adversely affected.
<br />• Systems must use a metering pump such as a positive displacement injection pump (e.g.,
<br />diaphragm pump) effectively designed and constructed of materials that are compatible
<br />with pesticides and capable of tieing fitted with a system interlock.
<br />Drip Applications
<br />Weather Conditions
<br />• To determine if unfavorabla weather conditions exist or are predicted (see identifying
<br />Unfavorable Weather Conditions section) and whether an application should
<br />proceed, the National Weather Service weather forecast must be checked by the certified
<br />applicator supervising the application:
<br />• on the day of, but prior, to the start of the application, and
<br />• on a daily basis during the application if the time period from the start of the application
<br />until the application is complete is greater than 24 hours.
<br />• Do not apply if an air -stagnation advisory issued by the National Weather Service is in
<br />effect for the area in which the application is planned, during the application, or the 48
<br />hours after the application is complete.
<br />• Do not apply if light wind conditions (< 2 mph) are forecast to persist for more than 1 a
<br />consecutive hours from the time the application starts until 48 hours after the apprication
<br />Is complete.
<br />• Detailed National Weather Service forecasts for local weather conditions, wind speed,
<br />and air stagnation advisories may be obtained online at: httg2•[/w ww.nws.noaa.gay.
<br />on NOAA weather radio, or by contacting your local National Weather Service forecasting
<br />Office,
<br />Identifying Unfavorable Weather Conditions
<br />• Unfavorable weather conditions block upward. movement of air, which results in trapping
<br />fumigant vapors near the ground. The resulting air mass can move off-site in unpredictable
<br />directions. These conditions typically exist prior to sunset and continue past sunrise and
<br />persist as late as noontime: Unfavorable conditions are common on nights with limited
<br />cloud Cover and light to no wind and their presence can be indicated by ground fog or smog
<br />and can also be identified by smoke from a ground source that flattens out below a ceiling
<br />layer and moves laterally in a concentrated cloud.
<br />Sail Conditions
<br />• Soil must be in good [lith, free of large clods, and filled at a minimum to the depth of the
<br />treatment zone. Large clods can prevent effective soil sealing and reduce effectiveness
<br />of the application. if subsurface soil compaction layers (hardpans) are present within the
<br />intended fumigation treatment zone, a deep tillage to fracture these layers must occur prior
<br />to or dudng the soli fumigant application.
<br />• Plant residue that is present must not interfere with the application or the soil seal. Non-
<br />decomposedpant material may harbor pests that will not be controlled by fumigation.
<br />Crap residue that is present must lie flat to permit the soil to be sealed effectively and limit
<br />the natural "chimneys" that may occur In the soil when plant residue is present. These.
<br />'chimneys" allow the soil fumigants to move, through the soil quickly and escape into the
<br />atmosphere. This. may create potentially harmful conditions for workers and bystanders
<br />and limits the efficacy of the fumigant. Plant residue on the field serves to prevent soil
<br />erosion from both wind and water.
<br />Soil Temperature
<br />• At the beginning of fhe application, the. soil temperature at the injection depth must be
<br />between 35' and 90'F, measured at 3 inches in depC
<br />• If air temperatures have been above 100'F in any of the three days prior to application,
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