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r <br /> PPE for such situations may be more complicated.The pressure supplied-air respirator with escape-SOBA;inner <br /> selected PPE needs to protect not only against each indi- and outer chemical-resistant glov s;face shields;hooded <br /> vidual hazard,but if synergistic effects exist,also against chemical-resistant clothing,coveralls,and outer chemical- <br /> the combination of those simultaneous hazards. resistant boots. <br /> Level C protection is appropri to where the concentration <br /> Levels of protection and type of airborne substances ar known and the criteria <br /> The components of PPE may be assembled into a for using air-purifying respirators ire met.Typical Level C <br /> protective ensemble that not only protects the worker from equipment includes full-facepiece air-purifying respirators, <br /> site-specific hazards but also minimizes the hazards and inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves,hard hats,escape <br /> drawbacks of the PPE ensemble itself.The U.S.Environ- masks,and disposable chemical-resistant outer boots. <br /> mental Protection Agency(EPA)has defined four levels of Level D protection may be sufficient when no contami- <br /> protection(A,B,C,and D)that are distinguished by: rants are present or work-operatio as preclude splashes, <br /> •whether respiratory protection is required and if so the immersion,or the potential for unexpected inhalation or <br /> type of respirator(air purifying vs. atmosphere supplying) contact with hazardous chemicals.Level D protective equip- <br /> -the consequences of skin exposure(the extent of the ment may include gloves,coveralls,safety glasses,face <br /> body exposed and the severity of such exposure). shields,and chemical-resistant steal-toe boots or shoes. <br /> Level A protection is required where there is the great- Figures 4 and 5 illustrate these levels of protection. <br /> est potential for exposure to hazards and the highest level of Note that these levels do not dictate the specific ensemble <br /> skin,respiratory,and eye protection is needed. Level A PPE components.The components m st be specified based on a <br /> includes respiratory protection with a positive-pressure,full- site-specific risk assessment. <br /> facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus(SOBA),or a Typically,the EPA levels of protection are used as a <br /> positive-pressure supplied-air respirator with escape-SOBA; starting point to create a CPC ensemble.Each ensemble <br /> a totally encapsulated chemical-and-vapor-protective suit; is then tailored to a specific situation in order to provide <br /> inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves;and disposable the appropriate level of protection.As more information <br /> protective suits,gloves,and.boots. about the specific operation or site becomes available,the <br /> Level B protection includes the highest level of respira- overall level of protection and CPC selected are validated to <br /> tory protection but a lower level of skin protection.For ensure that proper and effective selections were made.The <br /> example,at most abandoned outdoor hazardous-waste required level of protection may t en need to be upgraded <br /> sites,ambient atmospheric vapor or gas levels are not high or downgraded based on the new information.For example, <br /> enough to warrant Level A protection,and Level B is often CPC requirements might need to be upgraded if additional <br /> adequate. Level B includes:respiratory protection with hazards are identified or suspected,if a task is changed in <br /> a positive-pressure,full-facepiece SCBA,or a positive- a way that increases an employees exposure or potential <br /> exposure to hazardous materials,or at the request of an <br /> individual wearing the equipment Reasons to downgrade <br /> ti a�ay y�i Z,y � <br /> lily 4o r <br /> j <br /> 1 <br /> i4 <br /> A Figure 4.Levels A(left)and B(right)represent the highest levels of ♦ Figure 5.Level C PPE consists of a full body chemical-protective suit <br /> protection.Images courtesy of Anseli Protective Solutions. and a powered air-purifying respirator,imac a courtesy of Field Safety Corp. <br /> CEP September 2013 www.aicho.org/cep 31 <br />