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Site Safety and Health Plan <br /> Table B-2 Cold Stress Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention <br /> Frostbite <br /> Symptoms Pale, waxy-white, hard, numb skin and tissue. <br /> Treatment Move person to warm, dry area. Remove wet or tight clothing that may cut <br /> off blood flow to the affected area. <br /> DO NOT rub the affected area. Gently place the affected area in a warm <br /> (105°F) water bath and monitor the water temperature to slowly warm the <br /> tissue. Warming takes about 25-40 minutes. <br /> After the affected area has been warmed, it may become puffy and blister, <br /> and have a burning feeling or numbness. When normal feeling, movement, <br /> and skin color has returned,the affected area should be dried and wrapped <br /> to keep it warm <br /> If there is a chance that the affected area may get cold again, do not warm <br /> the skin; this can cause severe tissue damage. <br /> Seek medical attention as soon as possible. <br /> Prevention Dress appropriately. Layer clothing to adjust to changing environmental <br /> temperatures. Wear a hat and gloves, in addition to underwear that will <br /> keep water away from the skin(i.e.,polypropylene). Take frequent breaks <br /> in warm, dry shelters. Change wet clothes as soon as possible. Perform <br /> work during the warmest part of the day. Avoid exhaustion or fatigue <br /> because energy is needed to keep muscles warm. <br /> Impending Hypothermia <br /> Symptoms Skin may become pale,numb, and waxy. Muscles become tense. Fatigue <br /> and weakness begins to show. Body's core temperature drops to or below <br /> 95°F. <br /> Treatment Move the person to a warm, dry area. DO NOT leave the person alone. <br /> Remove any wet clothing and replace with warm, dry clothing or wrap the <br /> person in blankets. <br /> Have the person drink warm, sweet drinks (sugar water or sports-type <br /> drinks) if they are alert. Avoid drinks with caffeine (coffee, tea, or hot <br /> chocolate) or alcohol. <br /> Have the person move their arms and legs to create muscle heat. If they are <br /> unable to do so,place warm bottles or hot packs in the arm pits, groin, neck, <br /> and head areas DO NOT rub the person's body or place them in a warm <br /> water bath—this may stop the heart. <br /> Prevention Dress appropriately. Layer clothing to adjust to changing environmental <br /> temperatures. Wear a hat and gloves, in addition to underwear that will <br /> keep water away from the skin(i.e.,polypropylene). Take frequent breaks <br /> in warm, dry shelters. Change wet clothes as soon as possible. Perform <br /> work during the warmest part of the day. Avoid exhaustion or fatigue <br /> because energy is needed to keep muscles warm. <br /> Incident Free Operation Page 42 of 68 <br />