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0 0 ♦ Replace fluids: replace lost fluids and calories by drinking warm, sweet, caffeine-free nonalcoholic drinks and soup. The effects of cold stress may not be apparent to its victim. The first symptoms of hypothermia are uncontrollable shivering and the sensation of cold. The heartbeat slows and may become irregular, and the pulse weakens. As the condition worsens, severe shaking or rigid muscles may be evident. The victim may also have slurred speech, memory lapses, and drowsiness. Cool skin, slow, irregular breathing, and exhaustion occur as the body temperature drops even lower. This is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. Frostbite can occur without accompanying hypothermia. Frostbite occurs when the fluids around the body's tissues freeze. The most vulnerable parts of the body are the nose, cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes. Symptoms of frostbite include coldness and tingling in the affected part, followed by numbness; changes in skin color to white or grayish-yellow, initial pain which subsides as the condition worsens, and possibly blisters. Frostbite can cause irreversible tissue damage and requires immediate medical attention. Workers should protect their skin using sun block or clothing. Workers should also be familiar with the signs and symptoms of heat stress. Workers should use the buddy system to watch for signs of heat exhaustion—cramps, pale cool moist skin; excessive sweating; dizziness, nausea - and more advanced cases of heat stress. Workers should also drink plenty of water, an electrolyte drink(e.g., Gatorade) or other fluid on a regular basis. Also, a cool location for breaks should be identified. If necessary, the safety officer should adjust work/rest cycles to account for worker heat acclimatization, PPE, and whether conditions, For this site permeable personal protective equipment(PPE) is required. Assuming temperature acclimated workers are on the site, the guidelines for the work-rest cycle are as follows: • For temperatures at or below 78°F, an individual can work 60 minutes per hour • For temperatures between 78°F and 827, an individual can work 45 minutes per hour • For temperatures between 82°F and 86°F, an individual can work 30 minutes per hour • For temperatures above 867, an individual can work 15 minutes per hour For temperatures above 98°F, an individual should be provided with body cooling equipment CNCUr SHAREIUST 02-068.doc 3-4