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TR, WATER & HAZARDOUS WASTE LAUORATORV CERTIFIED by CALIFORNIA ..^•c PT 01 PiEALTH SERVICES <br /> CHARACTERIZATIONS OF FUELS AND FUL,. SPILLS <br /> i <br /> by <br /> Stephen C. Hovlicek, Ph.D. <br /> Vice President <br /> CENTRAL COAST ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC. <br /> August 1986 <br /> INTRODUCTION <br /> Hydrocarbon distillutes, residuums and crude oils are items of commerce and <br /> therefore have a significant opportunity for release into the eotvironment. The <br /> first section of this doc-. Ment begins with a definition of some of the <br /> hydrocarbon products in commercial use. The second section discusses changes <br /> in the composition of hydrocarbon materials upon release into the environment <br /> while the third section describes sampling and anolytico? considerations. <br /> f <br /> DEFINITIONS <br /> Gasoline is a mixture of low boiling hydrocarbons suitable for use in a <br /> spark-ignited internal combustion engine and having an octane rating of at <br /> least 60. Maur components are branched chain saturated hydrocarbons, <br /> alicyclic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Over 200 individual <br /> `. _oosoline components may be separated from one another during a high resolution <br /> F is chromatographic analysis. The typical hydrocarbon range is C-4 through <br /> ~C=72. Unleaded gosolines often have a higher proportion of aromatic <br /> '# hydrocarbons than do leaded gosolines. Aviation gosolines have a higher octane <br /> than do automotive gosolines and therefore often contain a still higher <br /> proportion of aromatics. Tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead ore added to leaded <br /> gosolinv in order to boost the octane. If these additives are used as octane <br /> boosters. ethylene dibromide and/or ethylene dichloride ore '�Cften added to <br /> promote removal of the lead from the engine. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is <br /> now preferred as an octane booster because it does not contain any lead_ <br /> Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTX or BTX & EB) are major <br /> components which are of special environmental interest. Appendix H from the <br /> Looking Underground Fuel Tank (LUFT) field manual provides a detailed list of <br /> the components of a typical gasoline. <br /> Diesel #2 (automotive diesel) is comprised chiefly of unbranched saturated <br /> hydrocarbons together with minor amounts of olicyclics, unsaturotes and some <br /> aromatic hydrocarbons. It is a straight-run or cracked petroleum distillate <br /> with a typical hydrocarbon range of C-8 through C-27. It is used in atomizing <br /> burners which spray the fuel into a combustion chamber where the tiny droplets <br /> burn while in suspension. BTX & EB are minor components but can nevertheless <br /> reach levels of concern as dissolved components in groundwater which hos been <br /> In contact with Diesel N2. An in-house listing of .typical hydrocarbon <br /> components is appended. <br /> CENTRAL COAST ANALYTICAL SERVICES San Luis Obispo, California (805) 543-2553 <br /> e <br />