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PROVEN TECHNOLOGIES AND REMEDIES GUIDANCE-REMEDIATION OF METALS IN SOIL specified LDR concentrations, the soils do not need to be treated prior to off-site land disposal and can be disposed of appropriately at a landfill. The sampling results from the soil stockpiles must be included in the waste profile form for the landfill to review and determine if the profile meets its acceptance criteria. Upon acceptance by a landfill, the soil stockpiles are loaded into the transport container (e.g., truck, rail car, bin) and transported to either a Class I landfill under a hazardous waste manifest or a Class II landfill under a bill of lading. Soils not contaminated above the site cleanup goal may be left on site and reused to backfill the excavated areas. 7.5.2 Loading, Transportation, and Manifesting Soil transported for offsite management or disposal must be transported in accordance with applicable state and federal laws. Loading of transport containers should be adjacent to stockpiles or excavations, just outside designated exclusion zones. Any soil falling to the ground surface during loading should be placed back into the container. Loaded containers should be inspected to ensure that they are within acceptable weight limits and should be covered and inspected prior to departure to minimize the loss of materials in transit. The waste profile analyses should accompany the shipping document (i.e., bill of lading or hazardous waste manifest) to the offsite facility. 7.6 BACKFILL AND RESTORATION Backfilling typically occurs after the cleanup objectives have been met. Confirmation samples are collected from the sides and bottom of the excavation to confirm that the clean up goals have been achieved. An annotated outline for a soil confirmation sampling plan is included in Appendix D3. Once the cleanup goals have been achieved, backfill operations can begin. Backfill soils should have physical properties consistent with engineering requirements for the planned site use. The Uniform Building Code typically requires a compaction between 90 and 95 percent. The excavated areas should be restored to be consistent with its continued use and graded to ensure proper runoff. 7.6.1 Borrow Source Evaluation When selecting material for backfilling excavated areas, steps should be taken to minimize the chance of introducing soil to the site that may pose a risk to human health and the environment at some future time. As a general rule, fill should not be obtained from industrial areas, from sites undergoing environmental cleanups, or from commercial sites with potential impacts (e.g., former service stations, dry cleaners). The DTSC Information Advisory, Clean Imported Fill (DTSC, 2001) suggests that two approaches can be used to demonstrate acceptable backfill materials: (1) providing appropriate documentation and conducting analyses as needed; or (2) collecting 34