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<br /> -ZMMOTIVE GASOLINE 65-8
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<br /> 65 1 `AJOR USES P.ND COMPOSITION
<br /> 65.1 1 Major Uses
<br /> Gasoiine is a volatile mixture of flammanle liquid hydrocarbons
<br /> derived chiefly from crude eetroleum and used principally as a fuel for
<br /> internal combustion engines Consumotion of gasoline by motor vehicles
<br /> in this country was approximately 103-,--billion-1 gallons Ln- 1983 ,- down
<br /> from a peak#consumption of 1116 billion gallons in 19'78 (1409) f 8
<br /> 65.1.2 FComposztion
<br /> h b r ,gyp e
<br /> Automotive gasoline i`s7composed of several hundred hydrocarbons ' in
<br /> the range of 'C, to Cil and ,with bo LlLng',point"s from approximately 30-C
<br /> to 2100C. General ,composition ,expressed as pereentnweLght7byicompound
<br /> category,"has ,baen;repoirted�+,tor best �'�ry49% to 628�` ali harf�d; hydrocarbons
<br /> (28-36• brancha&I alkines`; '15-17v n-alkanes, and, 3,=,5 cycioalkanes) ., 1t
<br /> r',
<br /> to 11• oLefin2.c,'>hydr6carbons,' 20%'`to""491 benzenes and'°alkylbenzenes"and
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<br /> UP co' to, 1$ NAaphthaienes (2320;JE143, 1849 j
<br /> As noted with JP-4 (Chapter 64) ,, th`e ,'concentrations of;; specific
<br /> hydrocarbons in' different gasoline ,samples are`rhigkily variable and -are
<br /> expected,. to, become even more jvariable`VSas',ttieI`avaLlability of Leaded
<br /> gasoline is'il'reduced. For 'example,q as"-reforming severity was" adjusted
<br /> to achieve,, rhP_;,tequire�d1"int=ease, in octane 'levels.'of unleaded gasoline
<br /> pools'. average��aram ati t content, increased ,from,-'22%, in 1970•{to . 27% in '
<br /> 1980 and 1984; ,as .,'leaded 'gasoline
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<br /> It phased our-..'rthelaromatic, content
<br /> } A t t+ xg, r r ' M ,+ '
<br /> wtll increase �furziiei",*, `351— Olefiwconter`tt',also increased 'from 8% in
<br /> 1980 to 11% 'inr,1984"(2319) ..ia+y
<br /> H 1 wrX
<br /> r+•i' T,�^r+ y '3Y ,
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<br /> The Lndividual ,components �of ,gasolinez haver'been characterized by
<br /> several' authors` s(�2�320.2311.1843)� + Table x"55;1` ,summarizes the"available
<br /> h drocarbon com as ition } data, for! variousl-� S O
<br /> 7 Y pM ; P gasolines As `discussed in
<br />' Chapter 64 (JP-4)% petroleum-derived distill'at�esa may also contain many
<br /> ,non-hvdroearbon components These may become major concerns in heavy
<br /> distillates and residues but are much less important Ln ' Light
<br /> dLstillates such as automotive gasoline where only trace quantities of
<br /> sulfur- , nitrogen- , and oxygen-containing compounds have been detected
<br /> Large variations in trace -element concentrations were reported but no
<br /> quantitative data were available (1843)
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<br /> AuComotive gasoline also contains a number of additives used as
<br /> octane improvers. antioxidants, metal deactivators, corrosions or icing
<br /> ,inhibitors, detergents or demulsifiers A list of some of the chemical
<br /> classes, and specific chemicals char may be used, for these purposes is
<br /> provided in Table 65-2 s a
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