Laserfiche WebLink
kUTM40T= Ca5OL= <br /> before iss intended use. Since i-c is poss2.ble for - gallon of <br /> ne <br /> gasoliconal nz g 14 benzene by volume to ccnr mina__ 7 million <br /> liters (2-59 mxllian gallons of water to the drinking _ , -Idard of - <br /> 1 ppb, underground gasoline storage tanks are a major en- - m=ental <br /> concern (2320) . <br /> ' Many authors have documented ,ground-water concaminatLon as a <br /> result of hydrocarbon spLlls. For examale. Osgood (2322) reported over <br /> 200 hydrocarbon spLlls in Pennsylvania Ln a 2.5-year period; in- chat <br /> time. 14 public water supplies were polluted or threatened, 104 wells z <br /> seriously damaged, and one spall resulted in the subsurface discharge <br /> of over 270,000 gallons of gasoline_ Hat= (2323) reported over 60 <br /> cases of ground-wacar contanLnacxon in Maryland from 1969 to 1970. <br /> Drinking water concamLnacicn caused by gasoline migration and <br /> subsaquenc penetration of a subsurface wacar supply line has also been <br /> reported (2321) . the most serious concamsnanc was ethylene dibromtdo <br /> (®$) , a gasoline additive. ®8 has beats reported to be present in <br /> leaded gasoline in sufficient quantities ca constitute a threat to <br /> ground wacar following a gasoline discharge cc the envLronment (2320) <br /> Due cc the extensive use of gasoline and icz potential for <br /> envLronmencal raieaze during use, storage or transport, several groups <br /> have addressed its fat&. The fate of gasoline in the sosl envLronmenc <br /> Is basically a function of the solubility, volatility, sorption. and <br /> degradacion of its major components. The relaeiva Lmportance of each <br /> of theses processes is influenced by the type of concamLnation (a.g. . <br /> surface spill X1. underground release, major v9. minor quantity) . soil <br /> Me (e,g. , organic content. pr0vious history of concamsnacton) . and <br /> eavirormsancal conditions (e.g.. ply. C amperacure. ouygen content) . <br /> l _ <br /> 'transport processes have been shown to b0 more significant than <br /> transformation processes in determining the initial fate of pacroleum <br /> hydrocarbons raLeased to soil/ground-wacar systems (1845,1848,1846) <br /> For gasoline released to surface soils or waters, transport to the <br /> acmosphare through volatilization is expected to be the primary face <br /> pathxay; subsequent atmospheric photolysts is expected to be rapid <br /> ' (1845) . SpaLa S a.1. (1846) demonstrated that compounds having up co <br /> nine carbons are weathered almost exclusively by evaporation: larger <br /> compounds ware waach&red primarily by evaporation and biodegradation. <br /> Compouxclon data for gasoline vapor indicate that Ca-Ca aliphatic <br /> hydrocarbons are rapidly volatilized (2324) . <br /> Vader canditions of limited volatilization (low eamperacures, <br /> subsurface release or concencracad spill) downward migration into the <br /> soil and to the ground water may be Lmportanc. Several authors <br /> (1811.2243.2252.2329) have reported that oLl substances released in <br /> signtfieauc quantities to sails result in a separate orga=c phase <br /> which moves downward through the unsacuratedvzone to the less permeable <br /> layer, the soil/ground-water boundary, where they tend to accumulate <br /> and spread horizontally. <br /> 6/87 <br />