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C,eologicalTech,,Ua14u Page 5 In Situ Remediation Pilot Test Work Plan Project No 507 2 June 10,2003 ' The AOPs have been very successful at treating gasoline compounds and the gasoline oxygenated fuel compounds AOPs are promising because they quickly destroy the contaminant rather then augmenting the relatively slow biological processes at the site It is ' noted that a byproduct of injecting oxidizing agents is an increase in the oxygen content of the subsurface soils and an increase in biodegradation rates The basic chemistry of reduction-oxidation (Redox) reactions is a combination of chemical reactions (changes in chemical bonding) and the transfer of electrons A more detailed explanation is specific bonds are broken while others are formed when a donor gives up an electron (e) and a receptor acquires the e In the case of petroleum contamination, BTEX and TPH-G are reduced (gain of electrons and a decrease in valence) and in an aerobic ' environment oxygen is oxidized (loss of electrons and increase in valence) In an anaerobic environment, oxygen has been depleted by this reaction and mineral compounds, such as Mn02, NO3, Fe(0)3, SO4 and H',become the e donor(listed in decreasing Eh values) ' Table 1 below lists the common Redox potential and relative oxidizing power of the primary oxidants According to the RWQCB, injection of ozone, peroxide and oxygen are acceptable agents to use without needing a waste discharge requirement permit Therefore, we propose to use hydrogen peroxide as the primary oxidant with the possible use of ozone or oxygen to "chase"the peroxide Table 1. Comparison of relative strength of oxidants Std. Redox Potential Relative Oxidizing ' Oxidant E° (Volts) Power' Fluorine (FZ) 30 223 ' Hydroxyl Radical (OH) 28 206 Oxygen Radical CO) (Superoxide) 24 1 76 Ozone (03) 2 1 1 54 ' Hydrogen Peroxide (11202) 1 8 1 31 Permanganate (Mn04) 1 7 1 24 Chlorine Dioxide (C102) 1 6 1 15 ' Chlorine (C12) 14 1 00 Oxygen (02) 1 2 086 Bromine (Br2) 1 1 080 ' Iodine (I2) 08 054 1 =Normalized to Chlorine,where C12= 1 0 ' Listed below are selected reactions and the volume of oxidant needed to destroy one pound of MTBE We recognize that the J M Equipment site in Stockton contains MTBE at low concentration and that the BTEX and TPH-G are the primary compounds to be mitigated, but this table gives a guide for the type of reaction and the volumes of oxidants needed