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Addressing Land ground cave.Thus, in situ bioremediation is riot cov- ered by the LDRs. The LDRs become applicable as :+:'`;,t�"' Disposal soon as hazardous materials are excavated, even if '';�� '';�,� subsequent Iythey arereturn ed to their origina! Restrictions in moved to another contaminated site. sitcor 3 Biotreatment As in the case of previous LDR rulemakings, a na- tionaI capacity variance has been provided to extend the effective date of the LDRs until treatment ca ac- On August 18, 1992, the Land Disposal Restrictions ity is available. At that point, the authority forpm- (LDRs) for Newly Listed Wastes and Contaminated plementing the LDRs will rest with EPA until states Debris Rule was promulgated. This is Phase 1 of a receive authorization for the LDR provisions. In three-phased regulation promulgating treatment some cases, the state regulations may be more strin- standards for newly listed hazardous wastes and gent than the federal requirements, so EPA cautions designating technologies for the treatment of con- biotreaters to review existing state regulations prior taminated soil and debris. Phase 2,covering soil and to treatment of hazardous waste. adding standards for more newly listed wastes, is scheduled to be issued in Mav 1993. Phase 3,adding Newly Listed Wastes standards for the remaining newly listed wastes, is The original LDRs, enacted in 1984, required EPA to scheduled to be issued in March 1994. The LDRs will promulgate treatment standards by May 8, 1990, for have a significant impact at sites where bioremedia- all wastes that exhibited hazardous waste charac- tion is being used to clean up hazardous wastes teristics or were listed as hazardous as of 1984,a task prior to land disposal. EPA completed through five rulemakings from 1986 The purpose of the LDRs is to prevent land disposal to 1990. The three phases of the new LDRs will of untreated hazardous waste. Accordingly, two supplement these standards and specify standards conditions must be met for the LDRs to apple: (1) the for several wastes listed since 1984, including petro- waste must be a Resource Conservation and Recov- leum-refining and wood preserving wastes, which ery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste, and (2) the waste are frequently candidates for bioremediation. must be destined for land disposal. The regulation Under the new regulation, each newly listed waste defines land disposal as any placement of a hazard- is assigned one of two types of treatment standards. Wous material in a landfill, surface impoundment, Some wastes have cOncentration-based standards, vaste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt (Continued on page 8) dome formation, salt bed formation, or under- p Bioremediation Field Initiative Contacts Fran Kremer, Ph.D. !`Taney Dean Coordinator, Bioremediation Field Initiative U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency OS-110W Office of Research and Development Technology Innovation Office 26 West Martin Luther King Drive Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Cincinnati, OH 45268 401 M Street,SW 513-569-7346 Washington, DC 20460 703-308-8797 To be added to the mailing list to rmeive Riorrmedinfion in the Field, call (511) 569-7562. This initiative is a cooperative effort among the Technology Innovation Office (TIO), Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER)and the Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support (OTTRS) and Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration (OEETD), Office of Research and Development (ORD). Major contributors to this initiative include the waste programs in the EPA Regional Offices and the following laboratories in ORD: Ada,OK; Athens, GA; Cincinnati, OH; Gulf Breeze, FL; and Research Triangle Park, NC. 2