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FUGRO WEST, INC. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE ORE- HOLLOW-STEM AUGER MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT SOP-6 Boreholes for monitoring wells are drilled using a truck-mounted, hollow-stem auger drill rig The borehole diameter will be a minimum of 4 inches larger than the outside diameter of the casing when installing well screen The hollow-stem auger provides minimal interruption of drilling while permitting soil sampling at desired intervals Soil samples are collected by either hammering or hydraulically pushing a conventional split- barrel sampler containing pre-cleaned 2-inch-diameter brass tubes A geologist or engineer from Fugro West, Inc , continuously logs each borehole during drilling and constantly checks drill cuttings for indications of both the first recognizable occurrence of groundwater and volatile hydrocarbons, using either a portable photoionization detector, flame ionization detector, or an explosimeter The sampler is rinsed between samples and either steam cleaned or washed with all other drilling equipment between borings to minimize the potential for cross-contamination Monitoring wells are cased with threaded, factory-perforated and blank Schedule 40 PVC The perforated interval consists of slotted casing, generally with 0 020-inch-wide by 1 5-inch-long slots, with 42 slots per foot A PVC cap may be secured to the bottom of the casing with stainless steel screws, no solvents or cements are used Centering devices may be fastened to the casing to ensure even distribution of filter material and grout within the borehole annulus The well casing is thoroughly washed and/or steam cleaned, or may be purchased as pre-cleaned, prior to installation After setting the casing inside the hollow-stem auger, sand or gravel filter material is poured into the annular space to fill from boring bottom to generally 1 foot above the perforated interval A 1- to 2-foot thick bentonite plug is set above this filter material to prevent grout from infiltrating into the filter pack Either neat cement, containing about 5 percent bentonite, or sand-cement grout is then tremmied into the annular space from the top of the bentonite plug to near surface A traffic-rated vault is installed around each wellhead for wells located in parking lots or driveways, while steel "stovepipes" are usually set over wellheads in landscaped areas After installation, the wells are thoroughly developed to remove residual drilling materials from the wellbore, and to improve well performance by removing fine material from the filter pack that may pass into the well Well development techniques used may include pumping, surging, bailing, swabbing,betting, flushing, and air- lifting All development water is collected either in drums or tanks for temporary storage, and properly disposed of depending on laboratory analytical results To minimize the potential for cross-contamination between wells, all development equipment is either steam cleaned or properly washed prior to use Fugro West Inc SOP 6/00ober 1994