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I
<br /> Chromium Tetrafluoride 2214
<br /> :hmedli, Negmtov, acetic acid solos: readily sol in mineral acids,alkalis, oxalic pp; Rollinson,"Chromium. Molybdenum and Tungsten"in
<br /> acid solns. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol.3,J.C. Bailar.Jr. et
<br /> ray-green powder. Radioactive form.CruPO„ Phosphocol. at. Eds. (Pergamon Press. Oxford. 1973) pp 623-700:J. H.
<br /> bl in water,coned Use: Green pigment:in wash primers;in catalysts for de- Westbrook in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Tech-
<br /> under transmitted hydrogenation of hydrocarbons or polymerization of olefins. nologyvel.6(Wiley-Interscience. New York. 3rd ed.. 1979)
<br /> THERAP c T: CrszPO,as radioactive agent. pp 54-82. Important trace element. Review of biological
<br /> ether tanning andfunction of the chromium(IlI)ion: Mertes Physiol. Rev.49,
<br /> 2208. Chromic Potassium Oxalate. Tripotatsium tris- 163.239(1969). Review of carcinogenicity studies of chro-
<br /> (edumedioam)chromate(3—); tripomsdum tris(oxalaWchro- mium and chromium conspds: IARC Monographs 2, 100-
<br /> ( hydroxide;chro. mate(3—); potassium trioxidatochromate(IIO: potassium 125(1973); ibid.23, 205-323 (1980).
<br /> CrHrOr; mol wT chromic oxalate. C,CrK,O,,;mol wt 433.38. C 16.63%a Cr Steel-Bray,lustrous metal; body-centered cubic structure: .i
<br /> Cr(OH)r. Occurs 12.007., K 27.06,%. O 44.3076. K,[Cc(CS04)3]. Prepd by hard as corundum and less fusible than platinum. Takes a
<br /> norg. Syn. 2, 190 treatment of oxalic acid and KrCi0r with K,Cr,01: Bailer, high polish. d 7.14. mp 1900'. by 2642'. Heat capacity
<br /> epamtive Inorganic Jr., Jones. Inorg. Syn. 1, 37(19391: Hein. Herzog in Hand- (25'): 5.58 cal/g-atom deg. Latent heat of fusion: approx
<br /> demic Press. New book of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry vol. 2, G. Brauer. 3.5 kcal/9-atom; latent heat of vaporization: approx 81.7
<br /> Ed. (Academic Press, New York. 2nd ad.. 1965) p 1372. kcal/g-atom. Reacts with dil HCI.HzSO.;not with HNOy III III
<br /> 9H2O. blue-green Trihydrate, potassium trio.ralatoniaquochromate(711). attacked by caustic alkalies and alkali carbonates. Not oxi-
<br /> r dil mineral acids Black-green, monoclinic scales with transparent blue edges. dized by air,even in presence of much moisture.
<br /> oln;becomes msol Freely sol in water: practically insol in alcohol. Caution; Chromic acid or chromate salts constitute indus- r{
<br /> use: In tanning industry:dyeing chromate colon on wool. trial hazards. Irritant effects on the Skin and respiratory /fI
<br /> ck particles. Use. passages lead to ulceration. Oral ingestion may lead to se-
<br /> bola and paraffins. 2209• Chromic Pofauium Sulfate. Potassium chromic vere irritation of the gastrointestinal tract,circulatory shock
<br /> sulfate:potassium disWfa[ochromate(IIA. CrKOhS'mol wt and renal damage. Chromium(III) compounds show little
<br /> y: as mordant, as 28323• Cr 18.36%, K 13.81%,O 45AW.,S 22.64 KCr- or no toxicity. This substance and certain chromium com- ISI
<br /> (So.), Dodecahydrate produced by reduction of KzCrzOI pounds have been listed as carcinogens by the EPA: Second
<br /> with SO,: Copson in Chromium vol. 1, M. L Udy, Ed.. Annual Report on Carcinogens(NTP 81-43, Dec. 1981) pp
<br /> >I wt 238.03. Cr A.C.S. Monograph Series no. 132 (Reinhold. New York. 81.87 jl.
<br /> Prepn 8. 3. Cr 1956)p 281;electrolytic manuf: Nishiham et aL.Japan.pat. USE: In manuf of chrome-steel or chrome-nickel-steel al-
<br /> Chapma. J. Chem 2164('60)• CA.55, 5200e(1961). loys (stainless steel): for greatly increasing resistance and
<br /> n apma. rand rn.dfl Doderahydrate, chrome alum, K[Cr(SO,Hc)2(H1 0)z].- durability of metals:for chromeplating of other metals. The ,i s
<br /> neCr(Osence of HNOr: 6H O: Duval. Chico AnaL (Paris)44, 102(1962). A.57, roan-made slCr isotope as tracer in various blood diseases P
<br /> Monograph Series, 94�9d(1962). Large, violet-red to black.octahedral,cubic and in the determination of blood volume(as the chloride or
<br /> Mono
<br /> Mono crystals;ruby-red under transmitted light. d 1.83. mp 87: as Na chromate).
<br /> 20 4.
<br /> Non-volatile. at 400'loses all its H2O. Sol in 4 parts cold.2 parts boiling
<br /> arDMSO: oracle- water, practically insol in alcohol. The aq Salo is violet 2212. Chromium Carbonyl. Chromium hexacarbonyi.
<br /> te,with ether,some- when cold,green when hot. The violet color returns after a CsCrO pp• mol wt 220.07. C 32.75%m Cr 23.63%, O 43.62%.
<br /> few weeks at room temp. Cr(CO/s. Prepn from Cr salts and CO in the presence of a
<br /> .onoclinic crystals. 09E: Mordant for dyeing fabrics uniformly:tanning leads- Grignard reagent: Owen et at.Inorg. Syn.3, 156(1950);in f
<br /> ester. alcohol. Aq cr,printing calico:rendering glue and gum insol;manuf ink, the presence of Mg and ether: Wender, U.S.
<br /> .pat.3,012,85 y
<br /> other chromium salts: waterproofing fabrics: hardening (1961 to Diamond Alkali); in the presence of Na and di-
<br /> rapidly s photographic emulsions. glyme: Podall et aL, J. Am Chem Sea 83, 2037(1961);in
<br /> in tats: 3.2525 g/kg/kg the presence of Na and an aromatic hydrocarbon: Pruett.
<br /> J.30,470(1969). 2210. Chromic Sulfate. CrrOrr; mol wt 392.20. Cr Wyman U.S.pat.3,053,629(1962 to Union Carbide);in the
<br /> printing; corrosion 26.52%, O 48.957, S 24.52%. Cr F SOa)z. Prepn of anhydr presence of It and a nitrile: Wane.U.S.pat.3,100,687(1963
<br /> salt by dehydration of hydrated forms: Rollinson. Bailer, to Diamond Alkali).
<br /> Jr.. Inorg. Syn.2, 197(1946). Orthorhombic, highly refractive crystals. Sublimes at
<br /> m: chrome green; peach-colored solid. d 3.012. Practically insol in water room temp. Sinter at 90% dec at 130': explodes at 210'.
<br /> m cinnabar; green and acids. MLD i.v. in mice: 247 mg/kg. Handbook of Bums with a luminous Flame. dcl 1.77. Vapor pressure
<br /> a;oil green;ultra- Toxicology vol. 1, W. S. Spector. Ed. (Saunders, Philadel- (mm): 0.04(09; 1.0(49% 66.5(100'). Almost insol in wa-
<br /> '.1. 77288. Cr.03; phia, 1956)pp 70.71. ter, ethanol. methanol; sol in ether. CHCIr, other organic ]]]
<br /> -epd by reaction of Hydrates are known in both green and violet modifica. solvents. Solos or impure solid dec by light. LDrs in on 5
<br /> u0ur. Copson in tions, and have several degrees of hydration up to ISH2O: 100 mg/kg i.v..Strohmeier. Z Nalurforsch.19b,540(1964). r
<br /> clonograph Series Lukaszewski. Redfem, Nature 190, 805 (1961): Udy in USE: In catalysts for olefin polymerization and isomeriza- j
<br /> r 277-278. Review: Chromium vol.1,M.J.Udy,Ed..A.C.S. Monograph Series tion; gasoline additive to increase octane number; preps, of jl
<br /> 5). See also Colour no. 132(Reinhold.New York. 1956)pp 213-217,288. The chromous oxide. CrO.
<br /> technical product comes in the form of a finely granular.
<br /> rystals. mp about dark-green flake or powder approximating the formula 2213. Chromium Dioxide. CrOz; mol wt 84.00. Cr
<br /> run on beating but Crr(SO,)r.IOHzO. Readily Sol in water:almost insol in alc. 61.907., 038.10%. Prepn: Wdhler, Ann, 111, 1170859);
<br /> CyO'is extremely Basic chromic sulfates of the type Cr(OH)SO,.nH2O are of Thinner et at.J.Am. Chem Soc 79,547(1957):Swoboda et �I
<br /> Practically insol in importance in the tanning industry: Udy lora cit and pp aL, J. AppL Phys 32,Suppl. no. 3. 374(1961): Arthur; Ar. f
<br /> dkalies. 278.280, 305-308. Technical grades are available in two thur,Ingraham.U.S.pats. 2,959,955;3,117,093(1960. 1964
<br /> . electric semicon- degrees of basicity,one-third and one-half.as finely grans- both to du Pont). Reviews: Hund. Farbe t Lack 78, 11-16
<br /> ng glass:in alloys; lar dark-green flakes or powder coma about 25% Cr,O,. (1972): Rollinson in Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol
<br /> st for organic and Readily sol in water. 3, J. C. Bailar, Jr. et a1. Eds. (Pergamon Press. Oxford,
<br /> USE: Insolubilization of gelatin;in catalyst prepn;as mor- 1973)pp 689-690.
<br /> dant in textile industry: in tanning of leather; in chrome Black, ferromagnetic crystals; rutile structure. it 4.89.
<br /> nd at 146.99. Cr plating; in manta of Cr. CrOr, and Cr alloys; to improve Metastable in air; various temperatures (250-500') reported
<br /> epn: Ness et at.J. dispersibility of vinyl polymers in water; in manuf of green for decompn to CrzO, j
<br /> off. Kebrich. U.S. varnishes, paints,inks, glazes for porcelain. USE: In magnetic recording tapes:as catalyst.
<br /> ,Vegenknecht. Ger.
<br /> 2211. Chromium. Cr:at. wt 51.996:at. no. 24; valences 2214. Chromium Tetrsfluoride. CrFa: mol wt 128.0E '
<br /> >hous wild. Does 1-6. Four naturally occurring isotopes: 50(4.356/6)t 52 Cr 40.63%, F 59.37%. Prepd by reaction of Fz with Cr or
<br /> xidivn to CrO,on (83.79%): 53 (9.50%): 54 (2.36% is
<br /> ): artificial radioactive o- CrCIq: von Wartenberg. Z Arzarg. A(Igem Chem 247, 136
<br /> . acetic acid. HCI, top": 46-49; 51; 55: 56; longest-lived isotope is stCr ('fq (19411: Clark. Sadana. Co. J. Chem 43, 50(1964). i4
<br /> 27.8 days) prepd by (m7) reaction from ssCr. Reported Very dark greenish-black. amorphous solid: on exposure
<br /> •n. Plessy's green. abundance in earth's crust varies from 100 to 300 ppm. to moist air becomes brown on surface due to hydrolysis. i
<br /> .sol in water:sol in Discovered by 1797 by Vauquelin. Obtained from chrome mp (estimated) 277*: Fergusson in Halogen Chemistry Vol. k '
<br /> ore. chmmite(FeCr,Oc),by a siticothermic or alaminother- 3, V. Gutmann, Ed. (Academic Press. New York. 1967) p ![
<br /> Yater gradually on mic process. Reviews of chromium. its alloys and compels: 242. by about 400' evolving steel-blue vapor: sublimes in
<br /> at SOT or 3.4 his Chromium, M. J. Udy, Ed., A.C.S. Monograph Series, no. vacuo above 100':d 2.89. Less reactive than CrFr,does not e
<br /> at";slightly sol in 132(Reinhold. New York. 1956)vol. 1,433 pp;vol.2,402 readily torn Warner complexes: does not react with Nil,
<br /> i
<br /> Consult the cross index before using this section. Page 317
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