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€CLE € NrFLDER 2. The depth to groundwater is measured using a conductivity-based water-level meter. 3. The volume of water in gallons standing in the well is calculated by subtracting the depth to groundwater measurement from the total depth of the well and multiplying by the appropriate conversion factor (0.16 for 2-inch wells, and 0.65 for 4-inch wells). 4. Three to five well volumes of water are purged from each well using a submersible pump, bladder pump, or Teflon bailer. 5. Physical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature) are monitored for stability while purging. The physical parameter measurements are recorded on purge-and-sample logs, along with the time and volume of water purged at each measurement. 6. Samples are collected with a disposable bailer or bladder pump into appropriately prepared bottles provided by the analytical laboratory. 7. Samples for metals analysis are usually filtered in the field at the time of collection. 8. Samples are immediately labeled and placed in an iced sample container. At the end of the day, the samples are delivered to the analytical laboratory under chain-of-custody control. B-5 Vadose Zone Monitoring 1. Prior to conducting lysimeter sampling, the pressure-vacuum equipment is checked and cleaned. A Soil-Moisture hand pump with a pressure-vacuum gage is used to measure residual and implied pressure-vacuum. Nitrogen gas is used to purge the lysimeter system for sampling. An air pump is available as a back up. 2. Approximately one week to one month prior to conducting the sampling, the residual pressures at the air-line of each lysimeter are measured ad the vacuums reset to manufactured recommended value (usually 50 centibars). The measurements and applied vacuums are noted on a sampling log form. Kleinfelder has found that resetting the lysimeters vacuums before the sampling yields good sample recovery. 3. The residual pressures are measured just prior to collecting the sample. The water line is then opened and nitrogen gas applied to the air line until either fluid or air is discharged (for dry lysimeters). The sample is contained in a 1 liter unpreserved bottle and the volume recovered is estimated. The fluid is then poured into appropriate preserved or unpreserved bottles of the requested analysis. 02001 PROP.ENV/ST07P271/DGD:Iv/ra Page B-6 ©2007 Kleinfelder October 31,2007