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1 <br /> ' Grain shape (round, subround, angular, subangular) <br /> Moisture (dry, moist, wet) <br /> Structure <br /> Organic material <br /> Odor <br /> ' 13.4.3 Classification of Fine-Grained Soils <br /> Fine-grained soils are classified on the basis of: <br /> 1. Liquid limit <br /> ' 2. Plasticity <br /> Classification uses the following symbols: <br /> ' Basic Symbols Modifying Symbols <br /> M - silt L - low liquid limit <br /> ' C- clay H - high liquid limit <br /> O - organic <br /> Pt— peat <br /> ' The following are basic facts about fine-grained soil classification: <br /> • The basic symbol M is used if the soil is mostly silt, while symbol C applies if it consists <br /> mostly of clay. Use of symbol O indicates that organic matter is present in an amount <br /> sufficient to influence soil properties. The symbol Pt indicates soil that consists mostly of <br /> organic material. <br /> • Modifying symbols are based on the following hand tests conducted on a soil sample: <br /> ' Dry strength (crushing resistance) <br /> Dilatency (reaction to shaking) <br /> ' Toughness (consistency near plastic limit) <br /> • Soil designated ML has little or no plasticity and can be recognized by slight dry strength, <br /> ' quick dilatency, and slight toughness. <br /> • CL indicates soil with slight to medium plasticity, which can be recognized by medium to <br /> 1 high dry strength, very slow dilatency, and medium toughness. <br /> • OL is used to describe a soil that is less plastic than CL soil and can be recognized by slight <br /> ' to medium dry strength, medium to slow dilatency, and slight toughness. <br /> • MH soil has slight to medium plasticity and can be recognized by low dry strength, slow <br /> dilatency, and slight to medium toughness. <br /> Soil Investigation Work Plan, Stockton Railyard 4 <br /> ' g:Iadminass1yobs120031032777.16_union pacific-stockton yaro109-reports19.09_reportslwork <br /> plan_soilboringlappendiceslapp_b borehotelogging.doc <br />