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1QP' 11N <br /> • intoxication is accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) effects, coma, and <br />' convulsions with epileptiform seizures <br />' 5.1.2 Benzene <br />' Benzene is a clear, volatile, colorless, highly flammable liquid with a characteristic <br /> aromatic odor Benzene is a constituent of gasoline and diesel fuel and is used as a <br />' solvent It is a human carcinogen with evidence indicating it causes leukemia Acute <br /> exposures may cause CNS depression Symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, <br />' nausea, convulsions, coma, and even death <br />' The Federal OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for benzene is 1 ppm with a 5 ppm <br /> ceiling for 15 minutes The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists <br /> (ACGIH) recommends a threshold limit value (TLV) of 10 ppm with a 5 ppm short term <br />' exposure limit (STEL) The immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) level is 3,000 <br /> ppm The odor threshold for benzene in air is 12 ppm and in water is 0 17 ppm <br /> 5.2 Eire and Explosion <br /> There are many potential causes of explosion and fires at hazardous waste sites <br /> ❑ Chemical reactions that produce explosion, fire or heat <br /> ❑ Ignition of explosive or flammable chemicals <br />' ❑ Ignition of materials due to oxygen enrichment <br /> ❑ Agitation of shock-or-friction-sensitive compounds <br /> I ❑ Sudden release of materials under pressure <br />' Explosions and fires may arise spontaneously However, more commonly, they result <br /> from site activities, such as moving drums, accidentally mixing incompatible chemicals, <br /> or introducing an ignition source (such as a spark from equipment) into an explosive or <br /> flammable environment At hazardous waste sites, explosions and fires not only pose the <br /> I <br />' 5\BF5\ST0Ci<T0N\KSP002] 3/19/01 5-5 <br />