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Spectrum Laboratones Chetucal Fact Sheet-Cas#73432 bttp 1/www speclab cora/compound/62527 f Demand 1986 1,603 million gal, 1987 1,667 m&on gal, 1991 projected/ 1,790 J million gal {Includes imports, 155 million gal were nnported an 1986) F—Apparent Color [CLEAR,COLORLESS LIQ,RHOMBIC PRISMS Odor 1AROMATIC ODOR ' oiling FaIat.t —1'80 1 DEG C �--Afe--kingPoi6ft---15 5 DEG C Molecular Weight 7-1-1 ' Dea�sYty �� 078 87 AT 15 DEG 4 D G C BENZENE HAS DISTINCTIVE SRP AROMATIC ODOR HOWEVER Odor Threshold Concentration [WARNING PROPERTIES ARE INADEQUATE SINCE 100 PPM HAS IRRITATION RATING OF 0&ODOR INTENSITY BETWEEN I &2 4 68 PPM In.air 4 9 mg/cu in(characteristic odor), m water 2 0 mg/1 Sensitivity Data Benzene is irritant to skin ' - Benzene will enter the atmosphere primarily from fugrtave emissions and exhaust connected with its use an gasoline Another important source is emissions associated with its production and use as an industrial mterinedrate In adchtion,there are ' discharges into water from industrial effluents and losses during spills If benzene is released to sol I,it will be subject to rapid volatilization near the surface and that swinch does not evaporate will be highly to very highly mobile in the soil and may ' leash to groundwater It may be subj cot to biodegzadation based on n eported biodegradation of 24% and 47%of the initial 20 ppm benzene an a base-rich para-brownish soil m 1 and 10 weeks,zespectively It may be subject to biodegradation in shallow,aerobic groundwaters,but probably not under anaerobic ' conditions If benzene is released to water,It wail be subject to rapid volatilization, the half-life for evaporation an a wand-wave tank with a moderate wand speed of 7 09 msec was 5 23 hrs,the estimated half-life for volatilization of benzene from a lmodel raver one meter deep flowing I ni/sec with a errand velocity of 3 rm/sec is estimated to be 2 7 hrs at 20 deg C It will not be expected to significantly adsorb to I M sedaanent,baoconcentrate in aquatic organisms or hydrolyze It may be subject to 1 1 Environmental Impact biodegradation based on a reported biodegradation half-life of 16 days in an aerobic � Fiver die-away test In a marine ecosystem biodegradation occurred in 2 days after an acclimation period of 2 days and 2 weeks an the summer and spring,respectively, wheicas no degradation occurred in winter According to one experiment,benzene has a half-life of 17 days due to photodegradatron which could contribute to ' benzene's removal an situations of cold water,poor nutrients,or other conditions Mess conductive to mica obral degradation If benzene is released to the atmosphere, it will exist predominantly in the vapor phase Gas-phase benzene will not be subject Ito direct photolysis but it will react with photocheuucally produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of 13 4 days calculated using an experimental rate constant ,far the reaction The reaction tune an polluted atmospheres which contain nitrogen ' foxrdes or sulfur dioxide is accelerated with the half-life being reported as 4-6 hours J Products of photooxrdation include phenol,rutrophenols,nitrobenzene, foanaarc acid, and peroxyacetyl nitrate Benzene is fairly soluble an water and as removed fiom the atmosphere an rain The primary routes of exposure are inhalation of contaminated 1air,especially an areas with high traffic,and in the vicinity of gasolene sea-vice stations and consumption of contaminated drinking water � RRESTRLAL FATE if benzene as released to soil it will be subject to rapid j {� volatilization near the surface That which does not evaporate wr1I be highly to very ' 1 (highly mobile an soil and may leach to groundwater The effective half-lives for volatilization without water evaporation from soil to benzene uniformly distributed ' !to I and 10 can an soil were 7 2 and 38 4 days,respectively It maybe subject to jbrodegradataon based on reported biodegradation of 24%and 47%of the initial 20 #ppan benzene an a based-rich para-brownish soil in laud 10 weeks, l espectively It i ay be subject to biodegradation in shallow,aerobic groundwaters,but probably ; Ct under anaerobic conditions AQUATIC FATE If benzene is released to water,it Pill be subject to rapid volatilization,the half-life for evaporation in a wind-wave If 4 nhia annn;4 11