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Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report Page IV.D-6 Forward Inc. Landfill 2018 Revised Project complaints to local governments and the SJVAPCD. The occurrence and severity of odor problems depends on numerous factors, including the nature, frequency, and intensity of the source;wind speed and direction;and the sensitivity of the receptor(s). Toxic Air Contaminants Toxic air contaminants(TACs)are pollutants that are associated with acute, chronic,or carcinogenic effects but for which no NAAQS or CAAQS have been established. TAC impacts are evaluated by determining if a particular chemical poses a significant risk to human health and,if so,under what circumstances. The ambient background of TAC is the combined result of many diverse human activities, including gasoline stations, refineries, automobiles, industrial operations, and painting operations. In general,mobile sources (such as diesel) contribute more significantly to health risks than stationary sources. TACs are also known as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)under federal EPA regulations.Based upon data from other landfills,TAC constituents within LFG typically consist of benzene,methylene chloride,perchloroethylene (PCE),trichloroethylene (TCE), vinyl chloride(VC) as well as other TACs. In August of 1998,the CARB identified particulate emissions from diesel—fueled engines (diesel particulate matter [DPM]) as a TAC. In 2000,CARB published the Risk Reduction Plan to Reduce Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel—Fueled Engines and Vehicles'and the Risk Management Guidance for the Permitting of New Stationary Diesel—Fueled Engines.' The documents represent proposals to reduce diesel particulate emissions,with the goal being to reduce emissions and the associated health risk by 75 percent in 2010 and by 85 percent in 2020. The program aims to require the use of state—of—the—art catalyzed diesel particulate filters and ultra—low—sulfur diesel fuel. Greenhouse Gases Some gases in the atmosphere affect the Earth's heat balance by absorbing infrared radiation. These gases can prevent the escape of heat in much the same way as glass in a greenhouse.This is often referred to as the "greenhouse effect," and it is responsible for maintaining a habitable climate.The gases believed to be most responsible for global warming are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),nitrous oxide (N2O),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SFJ. Enhancement of the greenhouse effect can occur when concentrations of these gases exceed the natural concentrations in the atmosphere. Of these gases, CO2 and CH4 are emitted in the greatest quantities from human activities. Emissions of CO2 are largely by-products of fossil fuel combustion,whereas CH4 primarily results from off-gassing associated with agricultural practices and landfills.SF6 is a GHG commonly used in the utility industry as an insulating gas in transformers and other electronic equipment. SF61while comprising a small fraction of the total GHGs emitted annually world- wide, is a very potent GHG with 23,900 times the global warming potential as CO2 over a 100- year period. 4 California Air Resources Board(CARB),Risk Reduction Plan to Reduce Particulate Matter Emissions from ' Diesel—Fueled Engines and Vehicles,September 28,2000. 5 California Air Resources Board(CARB),Risk Management Guidance for the Permitting of New Stationary Diesel—Fueled Engines,September 28,2000.