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�X`�OXNET PIP - PERMETHRIN
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<br /> EXTOXNET
<br /> Extension Toxicology Network
<br /> Pesticide Information Profiles
<br /> F A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University,
<br /> f the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology,
<br /> Michigan State University. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National
<br /> Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
<br /> EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University
<br /> Revised June 1996
<br /> :Permethrin]
<br /> Trade and Other Names: Trade names include Ambush, BW-21-Z, Cellutec, Dragnet, Ectiban, Eksmirr,
<br /> Exmin, FMC 33297, lndothrin, Kafil, Kestrel,NRDC 143, Pounce, PP 557, Pramex, Qamlin, and Torpedo.
<br /> Regulatory Status: Permethrin is a moderately to practically non-toxic pesticide in EPA toxicity class II or III,
<br /> depending on the formulation. Formulations are placed in class II due to their potential to cause eye and skin
<br /> irritation. Products containing permethrin must bear the Signal Word WARNING or CAUTION, depending on the
<br /> toxicity of the particular formulation. All products for agricultural uses (except livestock and premises uses) are
<br /> Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs) because of their possible adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Restricted Use
<br /> Pesticides may be purchased and used only by certified applicators.
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<br /> Chemical Class: pyrethroid
<br /> Introduction: Permethrin is a broad spectrum synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, used against a variety of pests, on
<br /> nut, fruit, vegetable, cotton, ornamental, mushroom, potato, and cereal crops. It is used in greenhouses, home
<br /> gardens, and for termite control. It also controls animal ectoparasites, biting flies, and cockroaches. It may cause a
<br /> mite buildup by reducing mite predator populations. Permethrin is available in dusts, emulsifiable concentrates,
<br /> smokes, ULV (ultra-low volume), and wettable powder formulations.
<br /> Formulation: Permethrin is available in dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, smokes, ULV (ultra-low volume), and
<br /> wettable powder formulations.
<br /> Toxicological Effects:
<br /> . Acute toxicity: Permethrin is moderately to practically non-toxic via the oral route, with a reported LD50 for
<br /> technical permethrin in rats of 430 to 4000 mg/kg [12]. Via the dermal route, it is slightly toxic, with a
<br /> reported dermal LD50 in rats of over 4000 mg/kg, and in rabbits of greater 2000 mg/kg [12,2]. Permethrin
<br /> caused mild irritation of both the intact and abraded skin of rabbits. It also caused conjunctivitis when it was
<br /> applied to the eyes [9]. The 4-hour inhalation LC50 for rats was greater than 23.5 mg/L, indicating practically
<br /> no inhalation toxicity. The toxicity of permethrin is dependent on the ratio of the isomers present; the cis-
<br /> isomer being more toxic [12].
<br /> . Chronic toxicity: No adverse effects were observed in dogs fed permethrin at doses of 5 mg/kg/day for 90
<br /> days [15]. Rats fed 150 mg/kg/day for 6 months showed a slight increase in liver weights [9]. Very low levels
<br /> of permethrin in the diet of chickens (0.1 ppm for 3 to 6 weeks after hatching) have been reported to suppress
<br /> immune system activity [9].
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