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T <br /> In anaerobic environments microorganisms may use other compounds such as nitrate, ferric iron, <br /> manganese, sulfate, and sulfide as electron acceptors. Thus, an increase in ferrous iron, carbon <br /> dioxide, dissolved manganese (Mn II), and perhaps sulfide and a corresponding decrease in nitrate <br /> and/or sulfate within a hydrocarbon plume may indicate biodegradation is taking place. <br /> Additional indicators of anaerobic biodegradation include total alkalinity, redox potential (Eh) <br /> (Buscheck and O'Reilly, 1995), and methane (Borden and others, 1995). The total alkalinity of a <br /> groundwater system is indicative of the water's capacity to neutralize acid. Alkalinity results from <br /> the dissolution of rock (particularly carbonate rocks), the transfer of carbon dioxide from the <br /> atmosphere, and the respiration of microorganisms. Therefore, an increase in alkalinity within a <br /> hydrocarbon plume is potentially an indicator of bioremediation occurring (Buscheck and <br /> O'Reilly, 1995). The redox potential of groundwater generally ranges from -400 millivolts (mV) <br /> to 800 mV. Under oxidizing conditions the redox potential of groundwater is positive while <br /> reducing conditions are negative. The redox potential inside a hydrocarbon plume should be less <br /> than that measured outside the plume (Buscheck and O'Reilly, 1995), and generally negative. <br /> Methane levels generally increase within the plume as a byproduct of the breakdown of petroleum <br /> hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions (Borden and others, 1995). <br /> Indicators of potential intrinsic biodegradation occurring across a dissolved contaminant plume <br /> can be summarized by the following trends: <br /> A relative decrease in: A relative increase in: <br /> =r dissolved oxygen ferrous iron <br /> oxidation-reduction potential alkalinity <br /> nitrate carbon dioxide <br /> sulfate <br /> GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND GRADIENT EVALUATION <br /> Smith Technology personnel performed the latest quarterly groundwater monitoring of <br /> monitoring wells on March 19, 1997. Field work consisted of measuring depth-to-water levels in <br /> all wells and collecting groundwater samples from all wells and submitting groundwater samples <br /> for laboratory analysis. <br /> Water level measurements were collected from groundwater monitoring wells MWA, MW-2, and <br /> MW-3. The depth to water ranged from 7.11 to 8.59 feet below top of well casing elevation. <br /> Groundwater elevations have decreased an average of 0.29 feet since December 16, 1996. The <br /> water level data were used to develop the groundwater elevation contour map (Figure 2). <br /> Assuming that horizontal isotropic conditions prevail, groundwater in the uppermost aquifer <br /> beneath the site flowed in a northwest direction. The average hydraulic gradient on March 19, <br /> 1997 was calculated to be 0.003 ft/ft or about 16 feet/mile. The data indicates a groundwater <br /> gradient that is consistent with the gradient last quarter. A summary of groundwater monitoring <br /> data is presented in Table 1. Groundwater elevations are referenced to feet above mean sea level. <br /> w:1951221Repor1s4QMR1996.&c 3 <br /> • <br /> SMTH <br />