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46 Soil Survey ripgut brome, wild oat, and filaree. Grazing should be 135—Corning-Redding complex, 2 to 8 percent delayed until the soil is firm enough to withstand slopes. These undulating.and gently rolling soils are on trampling by livestock and the more desirable forage the convex side slopes of terraces, commonly on the plants have had an opportunity to set seed. upper part of the slopes. The native vegetation is Where this unit is used for dryland grain crops, the mainly annual grasses and forbs. Elevation is 140 to main limitation is low rainfall during the growing season. 270 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 17 General management considerations include the hazard inches, the average annual air temperature is about 60 of erosion. Because the amount of precipitation is not degrees F, and the average frost-free period is about sufficient for annual cropping, the best suited cropping 270 days. system is one that includes small grain and summer This unit is 45 percent Corning gravelly loam and 40 fallow. All tillage should be on the contour or across the percent Redding gravelly loam. The components of this slope. Limiting tillage during seedbed preparation and unit occur as areas so intricately intermingled that it during the application of weed-control measures helps was not practical to map them separately at the scale to prevent excessive runoff and erosion. Leaving crop used. residue on or near the surface helps to conserve Included in this unit are small areas of Redding soils moisture, maintain tilth, and control erosion. that have slopes of 0 to 2 percent and are on toe This unit is suited to irrigated orchard and vineyard slopes, Yellowlark soils in the slightly lower landscape crops. The main limitations are depth to the claypan positions, and gravelly soils that have a claypan and a and depth to the dense, weakly cemented sediments. hardpan at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. The gravelly General management considerations include the hazard soils are in landscape positions similar to those of the of erosion. The claypan and the dense, weakly dominant Corning and Redding soils. Also included are cemented sediments limit the suitability for deep-rooted Corning and Redding soils that have slopes of 8 to 20 • crops. Where feasible, deep ripping of these restrictive percent and small areas of soils that are similar to the layers helps to overcome these limitations. A tillage pan Corning soil but are underlain by consolidated forms easily if the soil is tilled when wet. Chiseling or sediments at a depth of 30 to 60 inches. Included areas subsoiling breaks up the pan. All tillage should be on make up about 15 percent of the total acreage. the contour or across the slope. If the soil is plowed in The Corning soil is very deep and moderately well fall, runoff and erosion can be controlled by applying drained. It formed in weakly consolidated alluvium fertilizer and seeding a cover crop. Sprinkler and drip derived from mixed but dominantly granitic rock irrigation systems are suitable. They permit an even, sources. Typically, the surface layer is light brown, controlled application of water, help to prevent yellowish red, and light brown gravelly loam about 21 excessive runoff, and minimize the risk of erosion. inches thick. The upper 15 inches of the subsoil is a Returning crop residue to the soil or regularly adding claypan of reddish brown and yellowish red clay. The j other organic material improves fertility, minimizes lower part to a depth of 60 inches is reddish yellow and crusting, and maintains the rate of water intake. light brown clay loam and loam. In some areas the If this unit is used for homesite development, the surface layer is loam, sandy loam, or cobbly loam. main limitations are depth to the claypan or to dense, Permeability is very slow in the Corning soil. weakly cemented sediments; the high shrink-swell Available water capacity is moderate. The shrink-swell potential; the very slow permeability; and low strength. potential is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 { General management considerations include the hazard inches or more, but roots are restricted to cracks and i of erosion. Cuts needed to provide essentially level the faces of peds in the claypan, which is at a depth of building sites can expose the claypan or dense subsoil. 20 to 40 inches. Water is very briefly perched above the; Properly designing foundations and footings and claypan after periods of heavy rainfall or irrigation. diverting runoff away from buildings help to prevent the Runoff is slow or medium, and the hazard of water structural damage caused by shrinking and swelling. On erosion is slight or moderate. The rate of water intake in sites for septic tank absorption fields, the very slow irrigated areas is 1.5 inches per hour. permeability can be overcome by increasing the size of The Redding soil is moderately deep to a hardpan the absorption field. Properly designing buildings and and is moderately well drained. It formed in weakly roads can offset the limited ability of the soil to support consolidated alluvium derived from mixed but a load. Excavation for roads and buildings increases the dominantly granitic rock sources. Typically, the surface hazard of erosion. layer is reddish yellow gravelly loam about 4 inches This map unit is in capability units Ille-3 (MLRA-17), thick. The next 11 inches also is reddish yellow gravelly irrigated, and IVe-3 (MLRA-17), nonirrigated. It is in loam. The upper 10 inches of the subsoil is a claypan of vegetative soil group D. reddish brown clay and clay loam. The lower part to a