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144 Soil Survey i 17 inches, the average annual air temperature is about erosion. Seedbed preparation should be-on the contour 60 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is about or across the slope where practical. Irrigation water can 260 days. be applied by sprinkler and border methods. Proper Typically, the surface layer is pale brown and reddish stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing yellow gravelly loam about 8 inches thick. The subsoil during wet periods help to keep the pasture in good extends to a depth of about 62 inches. In sequence condition and protect the soil from erosion. downward, it is 31 inches of reddish yellow, reddish Where this unit is used for dryland grain crops, the brown, and strong brown gravelly loam; 8 inches of main limitation is low rainfall during the growing season. strong brown very gravelly clay loam; a claypan of General management considerations include the hazard strong brown and light yellowish brown gravelly clay of erosion. Because the amount of precipitation is not about 7 inches thick; 5 inches of very pale brown and sufficient for annual cropping, the best suited cropping strong brown clay loam; and a very pale brown and light system is one that includes small grain and summer yellowish brown, weakly cemented hardpan about 3 fallow. All tillage should be on the contour or across the inches thick. In some areas the surface layer is loam. slope. Leaving crop residue on or near the surface Included in this unit are small areas of Redding soils helps to conserve moisture, maintain tilth, and control on terraces. Also included are Yellowlark soils that have erosion. slopes of 0 to 2 percent and are on toe slopes and This unit is suited to irrigated orchard and vineyard small areas of soils that have a claypan at a depth of crops. The main limitations are the very slow 20 to 40 inches or that do not have a claypan. Included permeability in the claypan and depth to the hardpan. areas make up about 15 percent of the total acreage. General management considerations include the hazard: Permeability is moderately slow in the upper part of of erosion. Because of the restricted permeability in the, the Yellowlark soil and very slow in the claypan. claypan, water applications should be regulated so that. Available water capacity is moderate. The effective the water does not stand on the surface and damage rooting depth is limited by the hardpan at a depth of 45 the crops. Careful applications of irrigation water are to 60 inches. Roots are restricted to cracks and the needed to prevent the buildup of a high water table. faces of peds in the claypan, which is at a depth of 40 The hardpan limits the suitability for deep-rooted plants. to 55 inches. A perched water table is at a depth of 3 to Where feasible, deep ripping of this restrictive layer can 4 feet for brief periods in the winter. The water moves help to overcome this limitation. A tillage pan forms laterally downslope. Runoff is slow, and the hazard of easily if the soil is tilled when wet. Chiseling or water erosion is moderate. The rate of water intake in subsoiling breaks up the pan. All tillage should be on irrigated areas is 1.5 inches per hour. Streambank the contour or across the slope. Sprinkler and drip erosion occurs along intermittent drainageways. irrigation systems are suitable. They permit an even, Most areas are used for livestock grazing. A few controlled application of water, help to prevent areas are used for irrigated pasture, dryland grain excessive runoff, and minimize the risk of erosion. crops, or irrigated crops. This unit may provide wetland Returning crop residue to the soil or regularly adding functions and values. These should be considered in other organic material improves fertility, minimizes plans for enhancement of wildlife habitat or land use crusting, and increases the rate of water intake. conversion. . This map unit is in capability units Ille-3 (MLRA-17),, Where this unit is used for livestock grazing, general irrigated, and IVe-3 (MLRA-17), nonirrigated. It is in management considerations include saturated soil vegetative soil group D. conditions in concave areas following rainy periods. The characteristic plant community is mainly soft chess, 281—Zacharias clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. foxtail fescue, wild oat, and filaree. Grazing should be This very deep, well drained, nearly level soil is on delayed until the soil is firm enough to withstand alluvial fans and low stream terraces. It formed in trampling by livestock and the more desirable forage alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. Elevation is plants have had an opportunity to set seed. The unit 50 to 300 feet. The average annual precipitation is responds well to range improvement practices, such as about 10 inches, the average annual air temperature is seeding and applying fertilizer. The plants selected for about 60 degrees F, and the average frost-free period'16 seeding should be those that meet the seasonal about 270 days. requirements of livestock, wildlife, or both. After seeding Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brawn cla; is complete, grazing should be deferred until the plants loam about 19 inches thick. The subsoil and the upper have set seed. part of the underlying material are brown clay loam This unit is suited to irrigated pasture. General about 34 inches thick. The lower part of the underlying management considerations include the hazard of material to a depth of 60 inches is yellowish brown