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FF5days OD, oxygen the bacteria uses is calculated by comparing the amount left at the end he known amount at the beginning. Adsorption and volatilization, followed by dation are the primary processes for removal of soluble organics. d Solids (TSS) is the material retained on a standard glass-fiber filter disk. Suspended solids can be categorized as volatile or fixed suspended solids. TSS can create and enhance the biomat formation between the soil and effluent interface, thus restricting infiltration. The biomat, also referred to as a"clogging mat," is a biological, slimy substance which forms on the soil-effluent interface over time. This mat is composed mostly of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and bacterial products consisting of polyuronides and polysaccharides. The pH of a solution is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration (acidity). Optimum range for nitrification is between 6.5 and 8.2. Because nitrification consumes approximately 7.1 mg of alkalinity for every milligram of ammonium-nitrogen oxidized, in low alkalinity wastewater there is a possibility that nitrification will lower the pH to inhibitory levels. Total Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of the effluent or water to neutralize acids without a significant change in pH. It is usually associated with the presence of carbonate/bicarbonate and/or hydroxyl radicals in the water. Total Nitrogen is the summation of ammonia-nitrogen (NH4) and organic nitrogen (proteins, amino acids, enzymes). Since the septic tank is predominately anaerobic, virtually no nitrate 'E exists in the effluent. If nitrate existed in septic tank effluent, this would also be added to arrive at Total Nitrogen. Typically, 70-90% of the total nitrogen in septic tank effluent is in the form of ammonium, while 10 to 30% is in the organic form. 5. NITRATE-NITROGEN LOADING ESTIMATIONS AND VARIABLES The process of quantifying nitrate loading from an on-site wastewater management system is complex because of numerous variables and uncertainties. Several procedures and methods may be used for determining potential nitrate impact, including sophisticated computer modeling programs. Most of these computer programs are extremely complex and arduous, and have been unfavorably ieviewed in the scientific literature. 5.1 Nitrate Loading Mass Balance NLS§3.4 Wastewater characteristics emanating from the proposed facilities are anticipated to be stronger than typical household domestic wastewater because of higher organic loading from the Fast Food Restaurants. Other wastewater flow constituents will consist of blackwater from toilets, graywater from sinks, showers and laundry. The calculated or estimated nitrate impact to the soil and ultimately to the groundwater is extremely difficult to determine due to the number of variables involved. The concentration of nitrogen in septic system effluent is specified as units of mg nitrogen per liter (N/L). Unfortunately, these units I wastewater flow variability onto nitrogen influent variability, thus creating even greater I One researcher(Ref. #19) has averaged the statistical means from 20 other studies to arrive at a concentration of 62 f 21 mg N/L in domestic septic tank effluent. I Page -18- Chesney Consulting