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F" 136 Soil Survey that require continual maintenance have been used to This map unit is in capability units Ilw-2 (MLRA-17), lower the water table. Elevation is 25 to 200 feet. The irrigated, and IVw-2 (MLRA-17), nonirrigated. It is in 1 average annual precipitation is about 10 inches, the vegetative soil group A, average annual air temperature is about 60 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is about 270 days. 270---Vignolo silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This r Typically, the upper part of the surface layer is brown moderately well drained, nearly level soil is on low fan I and grayish brown clay loam about 9 inches thick. The terraces. It is moderately deep to a hardpan. It formed lower part of the surface layer and the upper part of the in alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. A few f subsoil are grayish brown and pale brown loam about areas are dissected by intermittent sloughs that have 38 inches thick. The lower part of the subsoil to a depth been filled as a result of land leveling. Elevation is 40 to of 60 inches is pale brown fine sandy loam. The soil is 110 feet. The average annual precipitation is about 14 calcareous between depths of 27 and 60 inches. In inches, the average annual air temperature is about 60 some areas the surface layer is silty clay loam_ degrees F, and the average frost-free period is about Included in this unit are small areas of Capay soils 270 days. and small areas of soils having a substratum that is Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown silt moderately coarse textured and gravelly. Both of these loam about 17 inches thick. The upper part of the included soils are in landscape positions similar to subsoil is brown silt loam about 16 inches thick. The those of the Vernalls soil. Also included are small areas lower part to a depth of 60 inches is a strong brown and of El Solyo and Reiff soils on the slightly higher parts of lighf brown, weakly cemented to indurated hardpan. In ' the landscape, Vernalis soils that do not have a high some areas the surface layer is loam or sandy loam. water table and are on the slightly higher parts of the Included in this unit are small areas of Archerdale, landscape, and Vernalis soils that are saline-sodic in Cogna, and Boggiano soils and small areas of Vignolo some part and are in the slightly lower landscape soils that have a moderately fine textured surface layer. 1 J positions. Included areas make up about 15 percent of Ali of these included soils are in landscape positions the total acreage. similar to those of the dominant Vignola soil. Also Permeability is moderate in the Vernalis soil. included are small areas of Hollenbeck soils in the Available water capacity is high. The effective rooting slightly lower landscape positions. Included areas make depth of the crops commonly grown in the county is up about 15 percent of the total acreage. limited by an apparent water table that has been Permeability is moderately slow in the Vignolo soil. lowered to a depth of 4 to 6 feet through drainage Available water capacity is low. The effective rooting systems that require continual maintenance. Runoff is depth is limited by the hardpan at a depth of 20 to 40 slow, and the hazard of water erosion is slight. The rate inches. Depth to the water table is more than 6 feet, but of water intake in irrigated areas is 0.5 inch per hour. water may be briefly perched above the hardpan after Most areas of this unit are used for irrigated crops or periods of heavy rainfall or irrigation. Runoff is slow, orchards. A few areas are used for homesite and the hazard of water erosion is slight. The rate of development. water intake in irrigated areas is 0.7 inch per hour. The L This unit is suited to irrigated row, field, and orchard soil is subject to rare flooding, which occurs during crops. The main limitation is the high water table. years of abnormally high precipitation. Careful applications of irrigation water are needed to Most areas are used for irrigated crops or orchards. prevent the buildup of a high water table. A drainage A few areas are used for homesite development. This system may be needed. Deep-rooted crops can be unit may provide wetland functions and values. These grown in areas where natural drainage is adequate or should be considered in plans for enhancement of where a drainage system has been installed. Returning wildlife habitat or land use conversion. crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other organic This unit is suited to irrigated row, field, and orchard material improves fertility, minimizes crusting, and crops. The main limitations are depth to the hardpan increases the rate of water intake. and the low available water capacity. The hardpan limits If this unit is used for homesite development, the the suitability for deep-rooted crops. Where feasible, main limitations are low strength and the high water deep ripping of this restrictive layer can help to table. Properly designing buildings and roads can offset overcome this limitation. Because the soil is droughty, F. the limited ability of the soil to support a load. The high applications of irrigation water should be light and water table increases the possibility that septic tank frequent. Furrow, border, and sprinkler irrigation absorption fields will not function properly. A drainage systems are suitable. Careful applications of irrigation system is needed if roads or building foundations are water are needed to prevent the buildup of a high water constructed. table. Returning crop residue to the soil or regularly IF F