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'°'EXPLANATION OF REPORT .� R6@uK : The results for the major and minor plant food elements are Buffer Index: The buffer pH is determined with the Sh ' reported In parte per million (ppm) on an elemental basis. - McLean, and Pratt (SMF) buffer solution. The lime requi .Conversions: To convert lbs./1000 square feet to lbs/A multiply determined by the depres+Ion of the buffer pH by acidity lbs./1000 sq. 1t. by 43. The type of soil and tillage depth should be sempfe. The amount of limestone needed to neutralize tfR. coneldeied. Most mineral soils weigh approximately 2 million pounds present has already been determined and the following to (dry weight) for an acre of soil 6'1/.-7 Inches deep. An acre of soil 10 general guide, but variations from other published p!Ndes may, Inches deep weighs approximately 3 million pounds. In the pest,most due to differences in Ilmestone fineness, neutralizing value.and laboratories that reported results In lbs. per.scre were considering 2 depth million lbs.of soil per acre(results In ppm x 2=lbs per acre).However, SOLUBLE SALTS - with deeper tillage practices used today many growers are dealingwith For information refer to pgs. 50-52 of our book. "Soil and nearly 3 million lbs of soil per acre. Analysis". ' FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS: CONVERSION TABLE: All Lime, corrective treatments and fertilizer recommendatlofls are' Hawed on pounds of product to apply per 1000 square feet to satisfy the soil fertility recommendation as close as Is possible. 2 Million lbs LIMESTONE RECOMMENDATIONS: Results of soil per acre in ppm 61/o-7 In. deep Apply time only after the soil has been tested.Too much lime can be as harmful as too little. 'JP x 2 = lbs per acre of P Lime must be thoroughly mixed with the soil for maximum ;Y x 4.6 - lbs per acre o1 P205 ;; effectiveness. K x 2 - lbs per acre of K If both magnesium and calcium are needed,apply dolomitelimeto help x 2.4 - lbs per acre of K20 .- ' supply magnesium, Mg x 2 = lbs per acre of Mg - Limestone recommendations ere made using the SMP buffer Index In Ca x 2 lbs per acre of Ca those states that utilize the SMP buffer,or on the percent saturation of S x 2 = lbs per acre of S - calcium and magnesium and sell PH In those stain that do reln u ■ S x 6 = be per acre of SO4 buffer, B, Zn, Mn, The limestone recommendations given will normally be sufficient to Fe, Cu, Mo raise the sol l pH of mineral soils to pH 6.Sand for organic soils(over 20% x 2 = lbs per acre of B, organic matter) to a pH of 5.5. Zn, Mn, Fe. Cu, Mo .. EXCESS LIME PHOSPHORUS: - - - A visual rating of free lime present. Soils having high amounts of free — lime available will have associated problems in the availability of major Weak Bray (P1) This method determines the amount of readily and minor elements and difference in choice or amount of soil available phosphorus in the soli.A level of at least 20 ppm of Pis desired amendments. for average crop production and a level of3oppm of P or more is desired for top yields of most crops. TYPE OF LIMESTONE: - SODIUMBICARBONATE(P)—This method determines lheamount of - When both calcium and magnesium are required dolomitic limestone will be recommended. If magnesium is not needed or is at a naturally present.) )A level phosphorus 10 m calcareous preferably ably (having free mime high saturation level in the soil,calcite limestone will be recommended:,:;;.. present.)A level of et least 10 ppm Pend preferably 15 ppm of P of mono Is desired for good yields of most crops..Fqt additional information on ,� )I no recommendation is made either type of limestone can be used., phosphorus availability and recommepdalion guides see pgs. 23-33 In MAGNESIUM: '-_-1 our book "Soil and Plant Analysis." The correction of low magnesium levels in soils can be approached in -CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY(CEC) several ways. If limestone is needed,the use of dolomite limestone will The cellon exchange capacity(C.E.C.)is a measure of the capacity off - be recommended. A good dolomite limestone will contain 10 to 12% toll to hold exchangeable rations. These Include Hydrogen (H+), Magnesium or 35 to 42%Magnesium Carbonate.When limestone is not Calcium (Ca-r), Magnesium (Mg++), Potassium (K+), and Sodium - needed a soluble source of magnesium such as Sulfate of.Potash - Magnesia (11%Mg);or Magnesium Sulfate(Epsom salts)(10%Mg)ran_ (Na+). be used. Magnesium oxide (55%Mg) can also be used it a veryfineiy.� 'C.E.C.Is measured In terms of milliequivalents(g1aq.)per 100 grams of ground malarial is selected. For additional information on magnesium; -soil. It depends largely on the amount and type of clay present and the see pgs 46-49 in Our book "Soil and Plant Analysis'. organic matter content.The larger thmsvalue,,the morecations thesoil is SULFUR: able to hold against leaching. ,._ ... - PERCENT BASE SATURATION Sulfur is absorbed by plant roots in the sulfate form (SO4).Therefore, The balance for the soil colloid recommended by most soil scientists Is we would suggest that a sulfate source of sulfur be used if a late fall or 65 to 75 percent calcium, 10 to 15 peccant magnesium. and from 2 to 6 ,_ spring application is to be available for the spring planted crcpr, Elemental sulfur sources can be used. however, if applied sufliclently.; percent potassium. ahead in order for bacterial action to convert It to the sulfate form.To'. The percent base saturation is calculated from the C.E.C. and percent - convert pounds of sulfur to sulfate multiply by 3. For additional saturation of Ca, Mg, K, H. and Na Is reported to assist you In Information on sulfur requirements and sources see pgs 34-41 and 76m determining the balance of cation& In your soil. For additional our book "Soil and Plant Analysis Information and recommendation guide ase pgs.42-49 in our book"Soil Gypsum and Elemental Sulfur Recommendations and Plant Analysis". - - Gypsum and Elemental Sulfur recommendations are made based on PH the amount of exchangeable sodium present. The recommendations Soil pH:The soil pH is measured on a 1:1 soil to water solution.Thesoil _ are based on a 6 inch soil depth.Application rates should be incrrtasedlf V pH measures the active soil acidity 6r Alkalinity. Mineral soils should a greater depth Is treated. have a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 for most crops,while a pH range of 5.0 to 5.5 is Elemental sulfur or acid forming materials will be suggested for- adequate for high organic soils. calcareous soils or soils with free lime. "Our reports and letters are for the exclusive and confidential use of our clients, and may hot be reproduced In whole or in part, nor may Any - reference be made to the work,the reibujtt orthe company in any advertising,news release,or other public announcements without obtaining our prior written authorization." Copyright 1977 "`