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EXTOXNETPIP - SULFUR Page Iof4
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<br /> EXTOXNET
<br /> Extension Toxicology Network
<br /> Pesticide Information Profiles
<br /> A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the
<br /> University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology,Michigan
<br /> State University. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural
<br /> Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
<br /> EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University
<br /> Revised 9/95.
<br /> SULFUR
<br /> TRADE OR OTHER NAMES: The active ingredient sulfur is found in a variety of commercial fungicides. Some trade
<br /> names for products containing sulfur include Cosan, Crisazufre, Hexasul, Sulflox, Tiolene, and Thiolux (223,207).
<br /> Crisazufre and Sulflox are marketed outside the U.S. (223). The compound may be used in combination with other
<br /> fungicides that include nitrothal-isopropyl, rotenone, thiabendazole,mancozeb, sodium pentaborate, urea, carbendazim+
<br /> maneb, and cymoxanil +copper oxychloride(1).
<br /> REGULATORY STATUS: Sulfur is a general use pesticide (GUP). Check with specific state restrictions which may
<br /> apply. Products containing the active ingredient sulfur must bear the Signal Word "Caution" on their label(223).
<br /> INTRODUCTION: Sulfiir is a non-systemic contact and protectant fungicide with secondary acaricidal activity. It is
<br /> used for control of brown rot of peaches,powdery mildew of apples, gooseberries, hops, ornamentals, grapes,peaches,
<br /> strawberries, sugar beets, apple scab, gall mite on blackcurrant,peanut leafspot,mildew on roses,mites on beans, carrots,
<br /> lucerne, melons, and tomatoes, etc. (1, 242, 223). Sulfur is also used on livestock and in agricultural premises (207).
<br /> Sulfur in its elemental reduced or oxidized forms represents approximately 1.9% of the total weight of the earth. The
<br /> sulfates and sulfides are common in their various mineral forms. Most aquatic and terrestrial environments are high in
<br /> sulfur, sulfur-deficient environments being quite rare in nature(358). Sulfur is considered non-corrosive and may cause
<br /> tarnishing of some metals(1).
<br /> FORMULATION: Sulfur comes in wettable, flowable and colloidal formulations (1). Compatibility with other products
<br /> is considered good.Numerous mixed products with insecticides and fungicides are manufactured. For reasons of
<br /> phytotoxicity, mixing sulfur with oils should be avoided (1, 223). Inert material is usually added during manufacture to
<br /> prevent electrostatic "balling" (242).
<br /> Sulfur has been known and used as a pesticide since very early times, and has been registered for pesticidal use in the
<br /> United States since the 1920s (357). It was first used around 1880 (207). Currently, sulfur is registered in the U.S. by EPA
<br /> for use as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide on several hundred food and feed crop, ornamental,turf and
<br /> residential sites. It is also used as a fertilizer or soil amendment for reclaiming alkaline soils. Sulfur is applied in dust,
<br /> granular or liquid form, and is an active ingredient in nearly 300 registered pesticide products(357).
<br /> TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS
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