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San Joaquin County Community Diesel Engine Emission Control Technologies Development Department Manganese Based Additives Description: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT)is one of the better documented manganese based fuel additives. It has been used in gasoline in the United States and Canada and can be used with a variety of fuel types. MMT reduces NOx by as much as 20 percent in some applications, and also acts as an octane booster and smoke abator. Although the US EPA determined that MMT does not cause failures of emission control devices or systems,the EPA requested a battery of tests to better characterize potential ` health effects(HEI,Attachment A,National Round Table on the Environment and Economy 2001) Health Risks: Use of this additive,as well as any manganese based fuel additive,increases manganese species in the environment. Long term exposure to high levels of manganese results in manganism,a neurological condition .. similar to Parkinson's disease. Reproductive and respiratory effects have been reported, with evidence showing inhaled manganese is more toxic than ingested manganese. However, Health Canada repeatedly determined that there was no evidence to indicate a hazard to human health. Some researchers have challenged this conclusion on the grounds that long term health effects and environmental fate and transport are poorly understood(HEI,Attachment A, National Round Table on the Environment and Economy 2001) Iron Based Additives Description: These include ferrocene derivatives, and iron blend FBCs. Typical dosing concentrations are 10 ppm to 20 ppm. Older testing was done with doses of 60 and 120 ppm. As with other high concentration FBC's,use of additives at this level ppm increases nano-particulate emissions by up to two orders of magnitude. Iron based additives,used without a filter at low ppm concentrations, can result in a 20 percent in PM. Iron based additives are compatible with most engines and exhaust after treatment systems,although some iron additives might _ be problematic with some technologies. Iron additives increase octane, allow for a shorter bum out time of the soot, and lower the ignition temperature of soot down to about 350°C. Up to 99.9 percent of fine particulates are retained in the system when the additive is used with a filter. Reductions in both particle mass and number are seen when used in conjunction with DPF. In addition to PM reductions,there is a decrease in PAH's and no increased NOx emissions. Platinum/iron blends can reduce balance temperatures from 537°C-557°C to 357°C. Results from studies with traps show soot filtration efficiencies greater than 90 percent with normal regeneration of the filter. Most of the iron ash is retained in the filter with a 0.85 percent increase in fuel consumption(DieseINet 2000.02b, HEI,Attachment A,Werner 2002). Current Usage: Iron based products are in use in construction vehicles/building machinery in Germany,Austria and Switzerland for greater than 5 years. DeSilva Gates Quarry Project Draft Environmental Impact Report L_g J85 05105.05