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j r I r t r r r r t 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 4.6 AIR QUALITY TABLE 4.6-1 STATE AND NATIONAL CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANT STANDARDS,EFFECTS,AND SOURCES Averaging State National Pollutant Time Standard Standard Pollutant Health and Atmospheric Effects Major Pollutant Sources Ozone I Hour 0.09 ppm 0.12 ppm High concentrations can directly affect lungs,causing Formed when reactive organic gases and nitrogen 8 Hour — 0.08 ppm irritation. Long-term exposure may cause damage to oxides react in the presence of sunlight. Major lung tissue. sources include on-road motor vehicles,solvent evaporation,and commercial/industrial mobile equipment. Carbon I Hour 20 ppm 35 ppm Classified as a chemical asphyxiant,carbon monoxide Internal combustion engines,primarily gasoline- Monoxide 8 Hon 9.0 ppm 9 ppm interferes with the transfer of fresh oxygen to the powered motor vehicles. blood and deprives sensitive tissues of oxygen. Nitrogen I Hon 0.25 ppm — Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract. Colors Motor vehicles,petroleum-refining operations, Dioxide Annual — 0.053 ppm atmosphere reddish-brown. industrial sources,aircraft,ships,and railroads. Sulfur Dioxide I Hour 0.25 ppm — Irritates upper respiratory tract;injurious to lung Fuel combustion,chemical plants,sulfur recovery 3 Hour — 0.5 ppm tissue. Can yellow the leaves of plants,destructive to plants,and metal processing. 24 Hour 0.04 ppm 0.14 ppm marble,iron,and steel. Limits visibility and reduces Annual — 0.03 ppm sunlight. Respirable 24 Hour 50µg/m' 150 ttg/m' May irritate eyes and respiratory tract,decreases in Dust and fume-producing industrial and agricultural Particulate Annual 20 pghn 50 pg/m' long capacity,cancer and increased mortality. operations,combustion,atmospheric photochemical Matter(PM10) Produces haze and limits visibility. reactions,and natural activities(e.g.,wind-raised dust and ocean sprays). Fine Particulate 24 Hour — 65 pg/m' Increases respiratory disease,lung damage,cancer, Fuel combustion in motor vehicles,equipment,and Matter(PM2.5) Annual 12 pg/m' 15 pg/m' and premature death. Reduces visibility and results in industrial sources;residential and agricultural surface soiling. burning; Also,formed from photochemical reactions of other pollutants,including nitrogen oxides,sulfur oxides,and organics. Lead Month 1.5 pg/m' — Disturbs gastrointestinal system,and causes anemia, Present source:lead smelters,battery manufacturing Quarter — 1.5µgla kidney disease,and neuromuscular and neurological &recycling facilities. Past source: combustion of dysfunction. leaded gasoline. NOTE: ppm=pans per million;ltg/m'=micrograms per cubic meter. SOURCE: California Air Resource Board,January 9,2003,hnp://www.arb.ca.gov/ags/ugs2.odf RMC Pacific Vemalis Quarry Mining and Reclamation Project 4.6-5 ESA/203015 Admtolstmtive Dreft 1]R Mach 2004