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r Soil Survey 30 average frost-free period is about 270 days. They are moderately deep or deep to a hardpan or are Typically, the upper 8 inches of the surface layer is very deep. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed dark grayish brown clay loam. The lower 16 inches of rock sources. Mottles in the profile indicate somewhat the surface layer and the subsoil to a depth of 60 poorly drained soils; however, drainage has been inches are brown clay. In some areas the surface layer improved by levees and reclamation projects. Elevation ` is clay or silty clay loam. is 20 to 30 feet. The average annual precipitation is Included in this unit are small areas of Cogna, about 11 inches, the average annual air temperature is Finrod, Hallenbeck, and Vignolo soils. These soils are about 60 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is in landscape positions similar to those of the Archerdale about 260 days. soil. Also included, on the slightly higher parts of the The surface layer is grayish brown and brown sandy landscape, are small areas of Archerdale soils that loam or loam about 10 inches thick. The upper 30 _ have slopes of 3 percent. Included areas make up inches of the underlying material is light brownish gray, about 15 percent of the total acreage. pale brown, and yellowish brown, mottled loam and clay Permeability is slow in the Archerdale soil. Available loam. The next 10 inches is a weakly cemented to water capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential also is strongly cemented hardpan that has been disrupted by high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. ripping. The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is Runoff is slow, and the hazard of water erosion is stratified light brownish gray and grayish brown loamy slight. The rate of water intake in irrigated areas is 0.5 sand and sandy loam. The soils are saline-sodic inch per hour. The hazard of soil blowing is slight. The throughout. Fragments of the hardpan are common soil is subject to rare flooding, which occurs during throughout the profile. Fragments of cemented material years of abnormally high precipitation. are on the surface and throughout the profile in some Most areas of this unit are used for irrigated crops or areas that have been subsoiled, deeply ripped, or orchards. A few areas are used for homesite backhoed. development. Included in this unit are small areas of Manteca, This unit is suited to irrigated row, field, and orchard Timor, and Bisgani soils and medium textured soils that crops. The main limitation is the slow permeability. do not have a hardpan and are not saline-sodic. The Because of the restricted permeability, water included soils are in landscape positions similar to applications should be regulated so that the water does those of the Arents. They make up about 15 percent of not stand on the surface and damage the crops. the total acreage. Furrow, border, and sprinkler irrigation systems are Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the suitable. Returning crop residue to the soil or regularly Arents. Available water capacity is low or moderate. adding other organic material improves fertility, The effective rooting depth of the crops commonly minimizes crusting, and increases the rate of water grown in the county is limited by a perched water table intake. at a depth of 3 to 5 feet. Runoff is slow, and the hazard If this unit is used for homesite development, the of water erosion is slight. The rate of water intake in ` main limitations are the high shrink-swell potential, low irrigated areas is 1.5 inches per hour. The soils are strength, and the slow permeability. The rare flooding is subject to rare flooding, which occurs during years of a hazard. Properly designing foundations and footings abnormally high precipitation. and diverting runoff away from buildings help to prevent Most areas are used for irrigated crops or pasture. the structural damage caused by shrinking and swelling. This unit may provide wetland functions and values. Properly designing buildings and roads can offset the These should be considered in plans for enhancement limited ability of the soil to support a load. On sites for of wildlife habitat or land use conversion. septic tank absorption fields, the slow permeability can This unit is suited to irrigated row and field crops. be overcome by increasing the size of the absorption The main limitations are the saline-sodic conditions and; field. Houses, roads, and streets should be constructed the high water table. The content of salts can be above expected flood levels. reduced by leaching, applying the proper amount of soil) This map unit is in capability units IIs-3 (MLRA-17), amendments, and returning crop residue to the soils. irrigated, and IVs-3 (MLRA-17), nonirrigated. It is in Careful applications of irrigation water are needed to r' vegetative soil group A. prevent the buildup of a high water table. A drainage system may be needed. Intensive management is 108—Arents, saline-sodic, 0 to 2 percent slopes. required to reduce the salinity and maintain productivity These somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soils are Furrow, border, and sprinkler irrigation systems are in areas on low alluvial fans or fan terraces where suitable. Returning crop residue to the soils or regularly P ripping, cutting, or filling has altered the landscape. adding other organic material improves fertility,