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36 Soil Survey habitat. General management considerations include moisture content. It is too sticky when wet and too hard the clay loam surface layer and saturated soil when dry. Furrow, border, and sprinkler irrigation conditions following rainy periods. The characteristic systems are suitable. Returning crop residue to the soil plant community is mainly soft chess, filaree, and wild or regularly adding other organic material improves oat. Trampling of the clay loam surface layer by fertility, minimizes crusting, and increases the rate of livestock when the soil is too wet reduces productivity. water intake. Grazing should be delayed until the soil is firm enough If this unit is used for homesite development, the to withstand the trampling and the more desirable main limitations are the slow permeability, low strength, forage plants have had an opportunity to set seed. The and the high shrink-swell potential. On sites for septic unit responds well to range improvement practices, tank absorption fields, the slow permeability can be such as seeding and applying fertilizer. The plants overcome by increasing the size of the absorption field. selected for seeding should be those that meet the backfilling the trench with sandy material, and installing seasonal requirements of livestock, wildlife, or both. long absorption lines. Properly designing buildings and After seeding is complete, grazing should be deferred roads can offset the limited ability of the soil to support until the plants have set seed. a load. Properly designing foundations and footings anc This map unit is in capability unit IVs-5 (MLRA-17), diverting runoff away from buildings help to prevent the nonirrigated. It is in vegetative soil group A. structural damage caused by shrinking and swelling. This map unit is in capability units IIs-5 (MLRA-17), 118—Capay clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This very irrigated, and IVs-5 (MLRA-17), nonirrigated. It is in deep, moderately well drained, nearly level soil is in vegetative soil group C. interfan basins. It formed in alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. Elevation is 30 to 200 feet. The average 119—Capay clay, 2 to 5 percent slopes. This very annual precipitation is about 10 inches, the average deep, moderately well drained, gently sloping soil is on annual air temperature is about 60 degrees F, and the alluvial fans. It formed in alluvium derived from mixed average frost-free period is about 270 days. rock sources. The vegetation in areas that have not Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown and dark been cultivated is mainly annual grasses and forbs. grayish brown clay about 20 inches thick. The subsoil to Elevation is 100 to 300 feet. The average annual a depth of 60 inches is grayish brown, dark grayish precipitation is about 10 inches. the average annual air brown, dark brown, and pale brown clay. The soil is temperature is about 60 degrees F, and the average calcareous below a depth of 20 inches. In some areas frost-free period is about 270 days. the surface layer is silty clay. Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown and dark Included in this unit are small areas of Stomar and grayish brown clay about 20 inches thick. The subsoil tc Vernalis soils in the slightly higher landscape positions a depth of 60 inches is grayish brown, dark grayish and Willows soils in the slightly lower positions. Also brown, dark brown, and pale brown clay. The soil is included are small areas of fine textured soils that have calcareous below a depth of 20 inches. In some areas a perched water table at a depth of 48 inches and may the surface layer is silty clay. be saline-sodic in some part. Included areas make up Included in this unit are small areas of Carbona and about 15 percent of the total acreage. Calla soils in the slightly higher landscape positions anc Permeability is slow in the Capay soil. Available Stomar soils in the slightly lower positions. Also water capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential also is included, on toe slopes, are small areas of Capay soils high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. that have slopes of less than 2 percent. Included areas Depth to the water table is more than 6 feet. Runoff is make up about 15 percent of the total acreage. slow, and the hazard of water erosion is slight. The rate Permeability is slow in the Capay soil. Available of water intake in irrigated areas is 0.1 inch per hour. water capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential also is Most areas of this unit are used for irrigated crops or high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. orchards. A few areas are used for homesite Depth to the water table is more than 6 feet. Runoff is development. slow, and the hazard of water erosion is slight. The rate This unit is suited to irrigated row, field, and orchard of water intake in irrigated areas is 0.1 inch per hour. crops. The main limitation is the slow permeability. Most areas of this unit are used for dryland grain or Because of the restricted permeability, water for livestock grazing. A few areas are used for irrigated applications should be regulated so that the water does crops. not stand on the surface and damage the crops. The Where this unit is used for dryland grain crops, the soil should be cultivated only within a narrow range of main limitation is low rainfall during the growing season.