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EXTOXNET PIP - IMIDACLOPRID Page 3 of 4 <br /> these studies, imidacloprid appears to have potential as a bird repellent seed treatment(332, 333). <br /> • Effects on Aquatic Organisms: The toxicity of imidacloprid to fish is moderately low. The 96- <br /> hour LC50 of imidacloprid is 211 mg/1 for rainbow trout, 280 mgll for carp, and 237 mg/l for <br /> golden orfe. In tests with the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia, the 48-hour EC50 (effective <br /> concentration to cause toxicity in 50% of the test organisms) was 85 mg/I (1). Products containing <br /> imidacloprid may be very toxic to aquatic invertebrates. <br /> • Effects on Other Animals (Nontarget species): Imidacloprid is highly toxic to bees if used as a <br /> foliar application, especially during flowering, but is not considered a hazard to bees when used as <br /> a seed treatment (1). <br /> ENVIRONMENTAL FATE <br /> • Breakdown of Chemical in Soil and Groundwater: The half-life of imidacloprid in soil is 48- <br /> 190 days, depending on the amount of ground cover(it breaks down faster in soils with plant <br /> ground cover than in fallow soils) (334). Organic material aging may also affect the breakdown <br /> rate of imidacloprid. Plots treated with cow manure and allowed to age before sowing showed <br /> longer persistence of imidacloprid in soils than in plots where the manure was more recently <br /> applied, and not allowed to age (335). Imidacloprid is degraded stepwise to the primary metabolite <br /> 6-chloronicotinic acid, which eventually breaks down into carbon dioxide (336). There is <br /> generally not a high risk of groundwater contamination with imidacloprid if used as directed. The <br /> chemical is moderately soluble, and has moderate binding affinity to organic materials in soils. <br /> However, there is a potential for the compound to move through sensitive soil types including <br /> porous, gravelly, or cobbly soils, depending on irrigation practices (337). <br /> • Breakdown of Chemical in Surface Water: The half-life in water is much greater than 31 days <br /> at pH 5, 7 and 9. No other information was found. <br /> • Breakdown of Chemical in Vegetation: Imidacloprid penetrates the plant, and moves from the <br /> stem to the tips of the plant. It has been tested in a variety of application and crop types, and is <br /> metabolized following the same pathways. The most important steps were loss of the nitro group, <br /> hydroxylation at the imidazolidine ring, hydrolysis to 6- chloronicotinic acid and formation of <br /> conjugates (1). <br /> • Analytical Methods: Methods are available for determining imidacloprid residues (the 6- <br /> chloropicolyl moiety) in plant materials using HPLC with u.v. detection (338). <br /> PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GUIDELINES <br /> Physical Properties: <br /> • Appearance: Colorless crystals with a weak characteristic odor. <br /> • Chemical Name: 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidencamine, 1-[(6- <br /> chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine. <br /> • CAS Number: 13826-41-3 <br /> • Molecular Weight: 255.7 <br /> • Water Solubility: 0.51 g/1 (200 degrees C) <br /> • Solubility in Other Solvents: @ 20 degrees C: dichloromethane - 50.0 - 100.0 g/l; isopropanol - <br /> 1.0-2.0 g/l; toluene - 0.5-1.0 g/1; n-hexane - <0.1 g/l; fat - 0.061 g/100g <br /> • Melting Point: 136.4143.8 degrees C., 143.8 degrees C (crystal form 1) 136.4 degrees C (crystal <br /> form 2) <br /> • Vapor Pressure: 0.2 uPa(20 degrees C) (1.5 X 10 to the minus 9 mmHg) <br /> • Partition Coefficient: 0.57 (22 degrees Q. (1) <br /> • Adsorption Coefficient: Not Available <br /> v <br /> http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/imidaclo.htm 11/22/2004 <br />