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18 " Soil Survey moderately fine textured, and the subsoil is fine and are moderately well drained. Slope ranges from 0 textured. The shrink-swell potential is high. The soils to 2 percent. Typically, the surface layer and subsoil are are subject to rare flooding. moderately coarse textured. Minor in this unit are the Boggiano, Columbia, Galt, Minor in this unit are the Columbia and Tujunga soils Hicksville, Hollenbeck, and Vignolo soils. Boggiano soils and Urban land. Columbia soils are somewhat poorly are moderately well drained and moderately fine drained and are on flood plains. Tujunga soils are textured. They are in landscape positions similar to somewhat excessively drained and are on flood plains those of the major soils. Galt soils are moderately deep and in channel remnants. Urban land is covered by to a cemented hardpan and are fine textured. They are streets, parking lots, buildings, and other structures. in the lower basins. Columbia soils are somewhat Areas of this unit are used mainly as irrigated poorly drained and are adjacent to the major streams. cropland. A few areas are used for homesite Hicksville soils are occasionally flooded and are in development. The major soils are suited to irrigated dissected drainageways. Hollenbeck soils are ' crops. Limitations include depth to the hardpan in the moderately well drained and are in the lower basins. Acampo soils. The growth of deep-rooted crops is They are fine textured. Vignolo soils are moderately limited by the hardpan. deep to a cemented hardpan. They are moderately well Where this unit is used for homesite development, drained and are in the lowest positions on fan terraces. the main limitation is depth to the hardpan in the Areas of this unit are used mainly as irrigated Acampo soils. The suitability for onsite sewage disposal cropland. A few areas are used for homesite can be improved by ripping the hardpan. development. The major soils are suited to irrigated crops. Limitations include slow permeability in the Nearly Level to Undulating Soils on Low Terraces Archerdale and Finrod soils and depth to the hardpan in The soils in this group are in the northern and the Finrod soils. The growth of perennial, deep-rooted southeastern parts of the county. Elevation ranges from crops is limited by the hardpan. about 20 to 150 feet. The average annual precipitation Where this unit is used for homesite development, is 14 to 16 inches, and the average annual air F e Archerdale and Finrod soils are limited by low temperature is 60 degrees F. The average frost-free rength, slow permeability, and a high shrink-swell period is 250 to 275 days. potential. Depth to the hardpan is a limitation in some These soils are moderately deep to a cemented areas. The main hazard is rare flooding. The restricted hardpan or are very deep. They are moderately well permeability should be considered when onsite sewage drained and well drained. The moderately deep soils disposal systems are designed. Structural damage can have a moderately coarse textured or medium textured result from the high shrink-swell potential and low surface layer and have a claypan with a high shrink- strength. These limitations should be considered when swell potential. The claypan is underlain by a hardpan. foundations, buildings, and roads are designed. Dikes These soils are used mainly for livestock grazing, and channels that have outlets for floodwater can irrigated crops, or pasture. A few areas are used for protect buildings from flooding. homesite development. Two map units are in this group. They make up 12. Tokay-Acampo about 7 percent of the survey area. Moderately well drained and well drained, moderately 13. Madera coarse textured soils that are deep to a cemented hardpan or are very deep; on low fan terraces Moderately well drained, moderately coarse textured This map unit is on low fan terraces along the soils that are moderately deep to a cemented hardpan; Mokelumne River in the northern part of the county. The on low terraces soils formed in alluvium derived from granitic rock This map unit is on low.terraces in the southeastern sources. part of the county. The soils formed in alluvium derived This unit makes up about 7 percent of the survey from granitic rock sources. area. It is about 58 percent Tokay and similar soils, 26 This unit makes up about 3 percent of the survey percent Acampo and similar soils, and 16 percent area. It is about 79 percent Madera and similar soils components of minor extent. and 21 percent components of minor extent. Tokay soils are very deep and well drained. Slope Madera soils have a slope of 0 to 5 percent. ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Typically, the surface layer Typically, the surface layer is moderately coarse and subsoil are moderately coarse textured. textured. The subsoil is a fine textured claypan, which is Acampo soils are 40 to 60 inches deep to a hardpan underlain by a hardpan at a depth of 20 to 40 inches.