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scope of this investigation. It has been clearly evident over the last five decades that the <br /> risk/benefit ratio regarding pesticides has been overwhelming benefit and comparatively low risk <br /> to the United States population and to the environment, as a whole. <br /> Available environmental fate data for applied herbicides have been documented. This list <br /> illustrates environmental-fate data; and indicates the half-lives of the listed materials are <br /> comparatively fast. Data was obtained from the Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical <br /> Properties and Enviro <br /> nmental Fate for Organic Pesticide Chemicals: <br /> fl: _ <br /> i1 <br /> DORMANT SPRAY Common name:Volk Petroleum Oil.Half lives in the environment: <br /> W/ COPPER Air: unknown. Soil: selected field half-life is 30 d. Half life of 30d <br /> for aerobic degradation and 60 d for anaerobic degradation. <br /> ROUND-UP. Common name: Glyphosate..-Half-lives in the environment: Air: <br /> Unknown. Surface water: Half life> 9 wks. Groundwater: <br /> 4 Unknown. Soil: <60 d. <br /> ROVRAL. Common Name: 1prodione. Fungicide. Environmental.fate <br /> unknown. <br /> Since the almonds are hard-shell, there is no organophosphate (OP) sprays for Navel <br /> Orangeworm (NOW). The Sigma's apply fertilizers carefully with the proper techniques and <br /> controls such as soil and leaf tissue analyses.- This allows for an equal distribution of nitrogen, <br /> phosphorous and potassium, (NPK) for.crop uptake, thus preventing excessive leaching past the <br /> root zone. ' <br /> CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS <br /> From visual observations, there is no surface contamination. The probability of subsurface <br /> contamination from pesticides can be considered low- to-nonexistent, considering the referenced <br /> environmental fate data. The surface soil type (<5 ft) is predominately a loamy sand. The <br /> biological activity of.this soil type would be expected to be slightly lower than in.heavier clay- <br /> type soils, thus creating a medium environment for microbial decomposition of organic <br /> molecules. Sandier soils may also promote nitrification. <br /> Due to the depth of the on-site domestic wells (180 ft and 280 ft), a multi-residue pesticide <br /> screen consisting of analysis for Dinitroanaline, Triazine, Organochlorine and Organophosphates <br /> would not be required. However, regardless of the well depths, bottled-water should be used for <br /> drinking and cooking in rural areas. The subject property is outside of delineated areas in which <br /> all new wells must have a grout seal to 200 feet. <br /> 4 <br /> Va.Cley Ag Research <br />