ARCHIVED REPORTS LEC APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATION

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LODI ENERGY CENTER PROJECT(LEC);CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT Windmiller Pattern The Windmiller Pattern generally coincides with Fredrickson s Early Horizon (1974) and the majority of the known Windmiller Pattern sites date to approximately 5,000 to 2,250 years ago. A small number of Windmiller sites date as late as 1,250 to 750 years ago. Windmiller sites are characterized by tools related to hunting, fishing, as well as milling and include mortars, baked clay balls, trident fish spears, two types of angling hooks,pecan sized baked clay that appear to have been used as fish line sinkers, bone awls and needles, polished charmstones, shell working and shell applique, and flaked tools, including projectile points. Hunting was clearly done in quantity as large numbers of projectile points are found at Windmiller sites as well as numerous faunal remains, including deer, elk, pronghorn, rabbits, and waterfowl. Fishing also was an important means of food acquisition and the remains of sturgeon, salmon, and many other species of fish are extant. Exotic materials recovered from Windmiller sites include obsidian from multiple source locales, Haliotis and Olivella shells, quartz and alabaster from the Sierra foothills, steatite beads, and imported asphaltum. Generally, Windmiller burials are west facing ventrally extended inhumations. Approximately 85% of all burials recorded contained red ochre and funerary artifacts. Interment of males in separate areas and the presence of greater quantities of funerary items in their graves would seem to indicate a higher status for the male members of Windmiller groups. The presence of Windmiller artifacts in mortuary caves in the Sierras, as well as the types of artifacts found at Windmiller sites and the high number of Windmiller graves, approximately 80%, which appear to be winter burials seem to indicate seasonal movement from the San Joaquin Valley in the winter into the Sierra foothills in the summer (Moratto 1984). A majority of sites recorded in the Lodi area are Windmiller Pattern sites and particularly in the area around Stockton, the Windmiller Pattern appears to continue much longer and many sites with late dates fit the Windmiller profile (Moratto 1984). Berkeley Pattern The Berkeley Pattern coincides roughly with the Middle Horizon and the majority of known Berkeley Pattern sites date to approximately 2,500 to 1,250 years ago. A small number of Berkeley sites extend outside of this time frame and date as early as 3,200 years ago and as late as 500 years ago. The Berkeley Pattern subsistence relied less on hunting and fishing than the Windmiller Pattern; rather the focus appears to have been on acorns. Mortars and pestles are present in far greater numbers at Berkeley sites. Other artifacts characterizing Berkeley sites include greater numbers of bone tools of superior manufacture, distinctive diagonal flaking of large concave base points, shell beads and ornaments. Berkeley Pattern burials are flexed with variable orientations and less funerary artifacts interred. A small number of cremations with funerary artifacts are known. Unlike the fairly widespread distribution of Windmiller Pattern sites, the Berkeley Pattern did not spread as evenly throughout central California (Moratto 1984) and few sites in the Stockton area fit the Berkeley Pattern. Augustine Pattern The Augustine Pattern coincides approximately with the Late Horizon and generally dates from 1,250 to 250 years ago. Augustine Pattern sites are much more widespread than