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http://www.edc.gov/nlo.hildih/l 24389.1himl Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Llia or Health Cow -t atom (IDLH,) Tuesday, February 13, 2001
<br />Carbon dioxide
<br />IDLII Doeumentatien
<br />CAS number: 124?38?9
<br />NIOSH REL: 5,000 ppm (9,000 mg/m3) TWA,
<br />30,000 ppm (54,000 mg/m3) STEL
<br />Current OSHA PEL: 5,000 ppm (9,000 mg/m3) TWA
<br />1989 OSHA PEL: 10,000 ppm (18,000 mg/m3) TWA,
<br />30,000 ppm (54,000 mg/m3) STEL
<br />1993?1994 ACGIH TLV: 5,000 ppm (9,000 mg/m3) TWA,
<br />30,000 ppm (54,000 mg/m3) STEL
<br />Description of Substance: Colorless, odorless gas.
<br />LEL:.. Nonflammable Gas
<br />Original (SCP) IDLH: 50,000 ppm
<br />Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statements by ACGIH [1971] that a 30?minute exposure at 50,000 ppm produces signs of intoxication, and a few
<br />minutes of exposure at 70,000 ppm and 100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness [Flury and Zemik 1931]. AIHA [1971] reported that 100,000 ppm is the atmospheric concentration
<br />immediately dangerous to life. In addition, Hunter [1975] noted that exposure to 100,000 ppm for only a few minutes can cause loss of consciousness.
<br />Short?term exposure guidelines: None developed
<br />ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
<br />Lethal concentration data:
<br />Species
<br />Reference
<br />LC 50
<br />(p pm)
<br />LC
<br />(ppmm )
<br />Time
<br />a
<br />Adjusted 0.5 -hr
<br />LC (CF)
<br />Derived
<br />Value
<br />Human
<br />Tab BiolPer 1933
<br />0
<br />90,000
<br />5 min
<br />49,500 ppm (0.55)
<br />4,950 ppm
<br />Other human data: Signs of intoxication have been produced by a 30?minute exposure at 50,000 ppm [Aero 1953], and a few minutes exposure at 70,000 to 100,000 ppm produces
<br />unconsciousness [Flury and Zemik 1931]. It has been reported that submarine personnel exposed continuously at 30,000 ppm were only slightly affected, provided the oxygen content of the
<br />air was maintained at normal concentrations [Schaefer 1951]. It has been reported that 100,000 ppm is the atmospheric concentration immediately dangerous to life [AIHA 1971] and that
<br />exposure to 100,000 ppm for only a few minutes can cause loss of consciousness [Hunter 1975].
<br />Revised IDLH: 40,000 ppm
<br />Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for carbon dioxide is 40,000 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Aero
<br />1953; Flury and Zemik 1931; Schaefer 1951].
<br />REFERENCES:
<br />1. ACGIH [1971]. Carbon dioxide. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial
<br />Hygienists, p. 39.
<br />2. Aero Medical Association [1953]. Committee on Aviation Toxicology, Blakiston, New York.
<br />3. AIHA [ 1964]. Carbon dioxide. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 25 :519?521.
<br />4. Flury F, Zernik F [1931]. Schadliche gase dampfe, nebel, ranch? and staubarten. Berlin, Germany: Verlag von Julius Springer, pp. 218n19 (in German).
<br />5. Hunter D 11975]. The diseases of occupations. 5th ed. London, England: Hodder and Stoughton, p. 618.
<br />6. Schaefer KE [ 1951]. Studies of carbon dioxide toxicity. New London, CT: Navy Department, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Research Laboratory, U.S. Naval Submarine
<br />Base, Vol. 10, Report No. 181, pp. 156?189.
<br />7. Tab Biol Per [1933]; 3 :231 (in German).
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