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AV OTHER POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: Contact of the cold gas with the skin can lead to frostbite or dermatitis (red, cracked, irritated skin), depending upon concentration and duration of exposure. Contact of the cold gas with the eyes can cause pain, redness, burns, and severe exposure could cause blindness. Symptoms of frostbite include change in skin color to white or grayish -yellow. The pain after contact with cold gas can quickly subside. Moisture in the air could lead to the formation of carbonic acid, which can be irritating to the eyes. HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lav Terms. Overexposure to Carbon Dioxide may cause the following health effects: ACUTE: Inhaling high concentrations of Carbon Dioxide can lead to coma or death. At low concentrations, inhalation of Carbon Dioxide can cause nausea, dizziness, visual disturbances, shaking, headache, mental confusion, sweating, increased heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure and respiratory rate. High concentrations of the gas in air may cause eye irritation or damage. CHRONIC: Reversible effects on the acid-base balance in the blood, blood pressure, and circulatory system may occur after prolonged exposure to elevated Carbon Dioxide levels. TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, cardiovascular system, eyes. Carbon Dioxide Solid EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Solid Carbon Dioxide (dry ice), is a white, opaque solid which releases colorless, gas. This solid sublimates to gas quickly at standard temperatures and pressures, forming a fog in air. As a result, the main hazards associated with Carbon Dioxide are related to Carbon Dioxide gas formation and the cold temperature of the solid and evolved gas. At concentrations between 2 and 10%, Carbon Dioxide can cause nausea, dizziness, headache, mental confusion, increased blood pressure and respiratory rate. If the gas concentration reaches 10% or more, suffocation and death can occur within minutes. Contact with the solid can cause freezing of exposed tissue. Moisture in the air could lead to the formation of carbonic acid which can be irritating to the eyes. Carbon Dioxide is heavier than air and should not be allowed to accumulate in low lying areas. SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE: The most significant routes of overexposure for Carbon Dioxide are by inhalation of Carbon Dioxide gas, and skin or eye contact with the solid or gas. Symptoms of such exposure are as follows: INHALATION: Carbon Dioxide is an asphyxiant and a powerful cerebral vasodilator. If the concentration of Carbon Dioxide reaches 10% or more, suffocation can occur rapidly. Inhalation of concentrations between 2 and 10% can cause nausea, dizziness, headache, mental confusion, increased blood pressure and respiratory rate. Carbon Dioxide initially stimulates respiration and then causes respiratory depression. Inhalation of low concentrations (3-5%) have no known permanent harmful effects. Symptoms in humans at various levels of concentration are as follows: CONCENTRATION 1%: 2%: 3%: 4-5%: 5-10%: 50-100%: SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE Slight increase in breathing rate. Breathing rate increases to 50% above normal; exposure causes headache, tiredness. Breathing increases to twice normal rate and becomes labored. Weak narcotic effect. Impaired hearing, headache, increase in blood pressure and pulse rate. Breathing increases to approximately four times normal rate, symptoms of intoxication become evident; slight choking may be felt. Labored breathing, headache, visual impairment, ringing in the ears, impaired judgment, followed by loss of consciousness. Unconsciousness occurs more rapidly above 10% level. Prolonged exposure to high asphyxiation. CARBON DIOXIDE SOLID FLAMMABILITY (RED) 0 REACTIVITY nu -o" 0 PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT I B For routine industrial applications See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings concentrations may eventually result in death from f _A RRnm ninyinp: - (_(L KAQnQ mnri ieecnir *nn1nv3% r : 1• i : 1• i For routine industrial applications See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings concentrations may eventually result in death from f _A RRnm ninyinp: - (_(L KAQnQ mnri ieecnir *nn1nv3%