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Propylene glycol -Wikipedia, free encyclopedia Page 3 of 5 Causes moderate skin irritation. Contact with the skin may cause erythema, dryness, and defatting. Ingestion May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause hemoglobinuric nephrosis. May cause changes in surface EEG_ Inhalation Low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Chronic May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Exposure to large doses may cause central nervous system depression. Chronic ingestion may cause lactic acidosis and possible seizures. The oral toxicity of propylene glycol is very low, and large quantities are required to incur the dangerous effects described above.The potentia] for long-terra toxicity is also low. In one study,rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% PG over a period of 104 weeks and they showed ro apparent ill effects.l71 Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol is generally recognized as safe(GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are related to either inappropriate intravenous use or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children.181 Serious toxicity will occur only at plasma concentrations over 4g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of tune.('] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of PG.Propylene glycol is metabolized into pyruvic acid,which is a normal part of the glucose metabolism process and is readily converted to energy. Veterinary data indicates that propylene glycol is toxic to 50% of dogs at doses of 9mL/kg, although the figure is higher for most laboratory animals (LD50 at levels of 20mL/kg).1101 However, it Zxtay be toxic to cats in ways not seen in other animals. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has determined that propylene glycol in or on cat food has not been shown by adequate scientific data to be safe for use. If propylene glycol is used in or on cat food,the food is considered adulterated and in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.['ll Prolonged contact with propylene glycol is essentially non-irritating to the skin. Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, and can produce slight transient conjunctivitis (the eye recovers after the exposure is removed). Exposure to mists may cause eye irritation, as well as upper respiratory tract irritation. Inhalation of the propylene glycol vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications. However, limited human experience indicates that inhalation of propylene glycol mists could be irritating to some individuals. Therefore inhalation exposure to mists of these materials should be avoided. Some research has suggested that propylene glycol not be used in applications where inhalation exposure or human eye contact with the spray mists of these materials is likely, such as fogs for theatrical productions or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.1121 Propylene glycol does not cause sensitization and it shows no evidence of being a carcinogen or of being genotoxic.11311141 There is limited evidence that intravenous injection of PG can cause adverse responses in a small number of people.A Clinical Journal of Medicine article describes two cases of adult men experiencing psychosis frona use of injected phenytoin that contained PG as a solvent. Their symptoms resolved when they were switched to a phenytoin formulation without PG. http_//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_glycol 8/7/2009