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APPLIED POWER CONCEPTS, IHC.#! 2954 Nrocy Memo.SdIo A•12 Costa Meso,CA 99" -600 Tolt;hon e:(]te) Fer. (114)S:6' TO: Steve Koenigsberg Bill Cox FROM: Bill Farone DATE: May 17, 1994 SUBJECT: REVIEW OF TAgO, PROPERTIES have covered various aspects of the thermodynamics and l,;i;=tics o; M902 in previous memos. Ho`,vever, I feel it is worth reviewing for the bana`Et of o`hers now working on behalf of PRL. 1 apologize to the readers o; this memo with a ti'rorking knowledge of thermodyn=nicz and kinetics for the simplicity of the memo and some repetition. The making Of alkallna maul and transition metal pe-roxid-es (in Oene-ral) has been kno`in for years. What no one has suggested is gnat for formulations such as those of lntares., to PRL, trey must be M20(-3 in s:.'!h a V,'_F ES b control the release of Oxygen o`ti er t:�iia and tna' the re!aase of Oxygen over Mlle is v rl2i makes theril truly . more useful. We have data that sho•,v that tie oxygen retea _e of urea peroxide, for Exempla, is �'_ry rapid. %'Ve also kno`,`1 that hydrogen peroxi0! a;ona loses oxygen very rapidly. We have done this by the incorporation of simple phosphates (as opposed to polyphosphates or pyrophosphates) with the peroxide. This a;lo`,vs us to rebase a large rilOUnt Of oxy��n (due to the n?ture of Mg02 v:hiCh COntain5 large per Cent?g- of oxygen) over a longer period o; tirna. In the period f;o,;i 1972-1974, 1 s:udied this malarial and tin=s in'erestad in the fact that the metal peroxides do not beha�.�a the same cs organic p�.`Xidas. Essen`ially, thay do not release any significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide. This distinction is essential in order to and lstand � hat is going on, paocularly Nvnen it i_ possible to run experiments that v,ill detect intermediates such as hydrogen peroxide and change the kinetics by removing oxygen "unnaturally" froni the system. This can lead to a great deal of confusion. For example, as will be seen below, the p,oductwas design-ad to be used in a systern where the removal of oxygen by plant cells or r--►icrobes is very slov. Under these conditions, the concentration of oxygen in the solution controls the rate of release and the kinetics appear pseudo-first order. If one remnoves the oxygen, the • kinetics shift to zero order. If the analysis used interacts vri:h the system, it will not provide useful information on hove the,systarn, behaves under "use" conditions.