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10/12/1995 20:44 9163519357 ANNE M FARR PAGE 15 the solvent and the original cantammants. field demonstrations and applications armic, or chromlum, only two of the Laboratory tests have been completed and a Very little cost and performance data for surveyed teebr ologieb ane specifically de- small field test is being planned. However, the two technologies that have readied the signed to treat inorganic c. mpounds an obvious potential complication is unpre- "accepted use"stage(i.e,air sparging and dictabic solvent transport behavior hydrogen peroxide wjamon) are avail- ' Techniques to Deliver in situ reagents to ns able However, projects involved in the the treumcnt zones of interest are also r SITE program are an exception to this underdeveloped Many researchers art re- EPA s Conclusions Nle, EPA suggests that communication lying on existing approaches such as well After reviewing the results of the tech- among managers of Superfund sites using injection or trench infiltration nology survey,EPA has drawn the foilowing similar cleanup techniques be improved. conclusions Reference: "In Situ Treatment of Con- e At the present rate of development and taminated Ground Water An Inventory of • With the exception of oxygen enhance- Research and Field Demonstrations and mcntb us in orhydrogen roxidc field demonstration, alternatives to con- y st� g vcntional pump-and-treat remediation Strategies for Improving Ground-Water injection no other technology has been may not be available for application for at Technologies 'prepared by EPA's Techno- adequately demonstrated to the point least three to five years Furthermore logy Innovation Office, Office for Solid where it can be considered a proven alter- there is a notable lack of treatment tech- Waste and Emergency Response Contact native to conventional pump-and-4vat Rich Steimlc at(703)308-8846 for informa- systems riologtu being designed to address anon- ��concernting availability game contaminants. Although approxi- • In genenaL thein:is no systematic effort to mately 20% of existing Superfund sites collect.organize,and distribute data from have ground water contaminated by leads moi.• ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSIC GEOCHEMISTRY IDENTIFIES SOURCES OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION t petroleum-contaminated sites The forensic methods have been described underground storage tank has already been where several potential sources by Isaac R.Kaplan et el.of GGC in"Btivi- removed) However, it sell may be feasible exist,it can be difficult to determine ronmental Forensic Geochemistry A Chem- to identify the type of petroleum product, which parry is responsible for soil and/or teal System for Identifying Sources of Es- eliminate some potential soumees or demon- ground-water contamination caused by leak- caped Petroleum products."The paper was su= that mixing of products from several ing underground tanks To make matters presented at the Eighth Annual Hazardous sources has occurred_ worse, identification of the contamination Materials and Environmental Management sources may be hampered because the cbemi- Conference(HazMad West'92), which was The key factors considered during a foren- cal properties of the original material change held November 10-12. 1992 in Long Beach. sic investigation of a petroleum-<ontaau- after it is released to the environmeru.There- California. nated site are 1)natural tracers,also present fore, matching the contamination with the In the original crude oil which allow the original product and source is not an easy , contamination to be correlated with the task Basis for BGC s forensic �r,ce; z) presence of chemical additives, TeChniquas and 3)the effect of natural processes on the For petroleum contaminated sites.Global Not all petroleum products have rite erne original petroleum product. Geochemistry Corporation (GOC—Canoga chemical composition For example. the Crude 011 Composition Varies Park California)has developed methods to composition of gasoline wants depending on p identify the type of petroleum product that the original crude oil,the refining process. In nature,petroleum can be generated un- was released and thus identify the probable and the chenucals added to the gasoline prior der a number of different biological anti source These environmental forensic geo- to distnbuuon,These differences in products geological conditions Consequently the l-hernistry techruques can also be used to allow GGC to analyze contaminated ruaten- type of petroleum and the nature of ars Crave identify the original products even if several als(e g,free product.soil,or ground water) components may vary signifwantiy Quilt products have been mixed(r,e.,releases from to determine 1) the types) of product re- oils produced from one geologic region typi- several sources have occurred and have been leased. and 2) the potential source(s) Such cally have certain chcmt%.al charaltenstics mixed in the soil and/or ground water) Con- determinations arc facilitated if original that alae similar(e g they are sulfur-rich or scquendy the relative liability among differ source material,such as material remaining have high paraffinic contents) Depending on �ent potentially responsible parties cin be in underground tactics,can also be tested In the product produced.;ertain charactenstics au.enlined. Finally the elapsed urge since some cases,analysis of the suspected source of the ongawl crude oil(e g,trace molecular the release can also be estimated. marginal vinlI not be possible(e g,where an components. metals andfor stable isotope The Hazardous Waste Conndtant:March/April 1993 1S