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UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION ., ."STEM PRIMARY DIVISIONS FSECONDARY DIVISIONS GRAVELS CLEAN GW Well graded gravels, gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines. GRAVELS � n N More than half of (Less than 5%fines) GP Poorly graded gravels, gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines. Wcoarse fraction is o .°i larger than No. 4 sieve GRAVEL GM Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixures, non-plastic fines. Z E o WITH FINES GC Clayey gavels, gravel sand clay mixtures, plastic fines. Q o CN ccc s 0 SANDS CLEAN SW Well graded sands, gravelly sands, little or no fines w r SANDS U) Y More than half of (Less than 5%fines) SP Poorly graded sands or gravelly sands, little or no fines. acoarse fraction is smaller than SAND SM Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures, non-plastic fines. U No. 4 sieve WITH FINES SC Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures, plastic fines. �' ~ Inorganic silts and very fine sands, rock flow,silty or clayey fine sands or U — '� SILTS AND CLAYS ML clayey silts with slight plasticity. JW Liquid limit is Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity,gravelly clays,sandy clays, O „ _d q CL � m "' less than 50% silty clays,lean clays. 0o w o N OL Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticty. z = o a L SILTS AND CLAYS MH Inorganic silts,micaceous or diatomaceous fine sand or silty soils,elastic silts. Cc c m LU Liquid limit is CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity,fat clays. z 2! d greater than 50% L` E OH Organic clays of medium to high plasticity, organic silts. HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS Pt Peat and other highly organic soils. DEFINITION OF TERMS U.S. STANDARD SERIES SIEVE CLEAR SQUARE SIEVE OPENINGS 200 40 10 4 3/4" 3" 12" SAND GRAVEL SILTS AND CLAYS COBBLES BOULDERS FINE TMEDIUM COARSE FINE COARSE GRAIN SIZES Std.Pen 2' ID SS SILTS & CLAYS POCKET Std.Pen 2' ID SS SANDS & GRAVELS BLOWSIFT BLOWS/FT PENETROMETER2 BLOWS/FTBLOWS/FT VERY LOOSE 0 4 0 7 VERY SOFT 0 - 250 0 - 2 0 3 LOOSE 4 10 7 16 SOFT 250 - 500 2 - 4 3 - 6 MEDIUM DENSE 10 - 30 16 50 FIRM 500 - 1,000 4 - 8 6 13 DENSE 30 50 50 83 STIFF 1,000 2,000 8 - 16 13 - 26 VERY DENSE OVER 50 OVER 83 VERY STIFF 2,000 4,000 16 - 32 26 53 HARD OVER 4,000 OVER 32 OVER 53 RELATIVE DENSITY Correction CONSISTENCY Factor - .6 Number of blows of 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches to drive a 2-inch O.D. (1-3/8 inch I.D.) split spoon (ASTM D-1586). 2Unconfined compressive strength in tons/sq. ft. as determined by laboratory testing or approximated by the standard penetration test (ASTM D-1586), pocket penetrometer, torvane, or visual observation.