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Benefits to this approach are: <br /> • Excavation cost savings would be achieved if done in conjunction with site <br /> improvement. <br /> • Site operations would not be unnecessarily disturbed, thereby supporting local <br /> economic sustainability. <br /> • If the site use does not change for multiple decades or longer and correspondingly <br /> excavation is not conducted,then attenuation would remediate impacts. This would <br /> be the most sustainable (green) remedial approach when considering excavation: <br /> o generates waste - only displaces the removed soil (landfill) and groundwater <br /> (disposal); <br /> o generates greenhouse gases from electricity use, and fuel use for excavation, <br /> hauling,and disposal equipment; <br /> o expends natural resources (fuel, fill material, water, bio-amendments, <br /> sewer/treatment capacity,landfill capacity, electricity, etc); <br /> o generates and transports airborne contaminants and dust; <br /> o generates noise disturbance; <br /> o expends limited resources (including State funds) for mitigation of releases <br /> posing a greater threat to human and environmental health. <br /> 5.3.4 MNA <br /> 5.3.4.1 DESCRIPTION <br /> Biodegradation, adsorption, chemical reactions, and volatilization can all naturally <br /> degrade hydrocarbons found in contaminated groundwater. MNA consists of <br /> monitoring the natural degradation processes that take place in the subsurface. The <br /> primary indicator of natural attenuation is a decrease in the COC concentrations. <br /> Secondary indicators such as DO concentrations, ORP, alkalinity, nitrate, sulfate, and <br /> ferrous iron concentrations are also used to evaluate the existence of and the potential <br /> for natural attenuation. <br /> 5.3.4.2 FEASIBILITY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS <br /> The trained terminal operations staff and subcontractors and the terminal permitting <br /> process is an acceptable means of managing the soil exposure pathway. <br /> 247729(39) 22 CONESTOGA-ROVERS&ASSOCIATES <br />