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K Kennedy Jenks The following rules apply for the written description of the soil group name: Types of Soil Rule Silts and clays with sand and/or gravel 5 to 15 percent sand and/or gravel Sandy or gravelly silts or clays Greater than 15 percent sand and/or gravel The following are basic facts about fine-grained soil classification: • The basic symbol M is used if the soil is mostly silt, while symbol C applies if it consists mostly of clay. Use of symbol O indicates that organic matter is present in an amount sufficient to influence soil properties. The symbol Pt indicates soil that consists mostly of organic material. • Modifying symbols are based on the following hand tests conducted on a soil sample: - Dry strength (crushing resistance: none, low, medium, high, very high) - Dilatancy (molded ball reaction to shaking: none, slow, rapid) - Toughness (resistance to rolling or kneading near plastic limit: low, medium, high) - Plasticity (nonplastic, low, medium, high). • Soil designated MIL has little or no plasticity and can be recognized by none to low dry strength, slow to rapid dilatency, and low toughness. • CL (lean clay) indicates soil with medium plasticity, which can be recognized by medium to high dry strength, no or slow dilatency, and medium toughness. • OL is used to describe an organic, fine-grained soil that is less plastic than CL soil and can be recognized by low to medium dry strength, medium to slow dilatency, and low toughness. In some cases, it may be possible to differentiate organic silts (OL) from organic clays (OH), based on correlations between dilatancy, dry strength, toughness, or laboratory tests. • MH soil has low to medium plasticity and can be recognized by low to medium dry strength, no to slow dilatency, and low to medium toughness. • Soil designated CH (fat clay) has high plasticity and is recognizable by its high to very high dry strength, no dilatency, and high toughness. • OH is used to describe an organic fine-grained soil that is less plastic than CH soil and can be recognized by medium to high dry strength, slow dilatency, and low to medium toughness. In some cases, it may be possible to differentiate organic silts (OL) from organic clays (OH), based on correlations between dilatancy, dry strength, toughness, or laboratory tests. Note: PT (peat) is used to describe a highly organic soil composed primarily of vegetable tissue with a fibrous to amorphous texture, usually a dark brown to black color, and an organic odor. Monitoring Well Installation Work Plan, 8-6 The Wine Group, Franzia Winery, Ripon, CA P.\1 S-Proj\2003-post archive\030120.XY_GW Mon Well Support\09-Reports\piecesWPP_C SOG Borehole Log.doc