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a response is still being investigated but it is thought to be an epigenetic process unique to the female mouse Inhalation exposure to whole gasoline vapor also caused kidney damage and eventually kidney cancer in male rats No other animal model studied has shown these adverse kidney effects and there is no physiological reason to believe that they would occur in man The cause of the kidney toxicity is thought to be due to the interaction of isoparaffin hydrocarbons in the product with a specific serum protein,alpha-2-microglobulin Male rats synthesis large amounts of this protein which is filtered, reabsorbed, and degraded by their kidneys lsoparaffins or their metabolites combine with this protein and make it undigestable"by the kidney proteases With repeated exposure the protein-isoparaflin complex accumulates in the kidney tubules causing significant cell death and regrowth Itis thought that this continuous kidney injury may contribute to the eventual development of the tumors The data above is obtained from studies sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute (API) 12 ADDITIONAL HEALTH DATA I ADDITIONAL,HEALTH DATA COMMENT This product contains benzene The OSHA Benzene Standard j29 CFR 1910 1028) contains detailed requirements for training, exposure monitoring respiratory protection and medical surveillance triggered by the exposure level Refer to the OSHA Standard before using this product Repeated or prolonged breathing of benzene vapors has been associated with the development of chromosomal damage in experimental animals and various blood diseases in humans ranging from aplastic anemia to leukemia(a form of cancer) Ail of these diseases can be fatal No birth defects have been shown to occur in pregnant laboratory animals exposed to doses not toxic to the mother however, some evidence of fetal toxicity such as delayed physical development has been seen at such levels The available information on the effects of benzene on human pregnancies is inadequate, but it has been established that benzene can cross the human placenta This product contains n-hexane Prolonged or repeated skin contact or breathing of vapors may cause nerve damage characterized by progressive weakness and numbness in the arms and legs Recovery ranges from no recovery to complete recovery depending upon the severity of the nerve damage This product o stains toluene Toluene has been reported to decrease immunological responses in test animals It has also been reported that when young rats were exposed to 1000 ppm toluene for 14 hours daily,for two weeks, irreversible hearing loss was detected The same daily exposure to 700 ppm for as long as 16 weeks was without effect. Since the level necessary to produce hearing lass is greater than 7 times the 1987-88 ACGIH TLV for toluene, worker exposures at or below 100 ppm is not expected to cause any adverse effect There are also reports that chronic abusers (glue sniffers, solvent buffers)of solvents containing toluene have suffered liver,kidney and brain damage Scientific studies on toluene have failed to demonstrate birth defects in rats and mice However,toluene has been shown to cause delayed growth and extra ribs in the offspring of rats and mice at inhaled doses (266-399 ppm) that were non-toxic to the mother Toluene has not conclusively been shown to cause adverse reproductive effects in humans This product contains xylene,a chemical that has been reported to cause developmental toxicity in rats and mice exposed by inhalation during pregnancy The effects noted consisted of delayed development and minor skeletal variations additionally,when pregnant mice were exposed by Ingestion to a level that killed nearly one-third of the test group,lethality (resorptions) and malformations (primarily cleft palatc) occurred Malformations have not been reported following inhalation exposure Because of the very high levels of exposure used in these studies,we do not believe that their results I imply an increased risk of reproductive toxietty to workers exposed to xylene levels at or below the exposure standard Xylene has given negative results in several mutagen testing assays including the Ames assay In a cancer study sponsored by the National Toxicology Program(NIP),technical grade xylene gave no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats or mice dosed daily for two years Whole gasoline exhaust was reviewed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in their Monograph Volume 46(1989) Evidence for causing cancer was considered inadequate in animals and inadequate in humans IARC placed this material in Category 2B, considering it possibly carcinogenic to humans • Material Sety Data Sheet - Chevron Regular Gasoline Page 7