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•• _ e <br /> composition of the mixture changes because the components have <br /> different physical and chemical properties (i.e. , water <br /> solubility, volatility, soil adsorption efficiency) which dictate <br /> the ability of each component to migrate through the environment. <br /> Hence, the risks and hazards associated with the classes of <br /> constituents and individual components are generally more <br /> applicable when investigating product losses. <br /> - PARAFFINS (alkanes) include n-butane, n-hexane, isobutante, <br /> isopentane and cyclopentane. In general these compounds <br /> have low human toxicity and there is not evidence that these <br /> compounds are mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic. In <br /> general the potential toxicity of paraffins decreases with <br /> increasing carbon chain length and cycloparaffins are less <br /> toxic than the equivalent straight-chain paraffin. <br /> Exposures to hexane can cause peripheral nerve damage. <br /> - OLEFINS (alkenes) include trans-2-pentene and 2-methyl-2- <br /> butene. These compounds have little inherent human <br /> toxicity, although effects can occur as a result of exposure <br /> to high levels of some olefins . <br /> - AROMATICS of greatest concern are benzene, toluene, xylenes, <br /> and ethylbenzene. Benzene is a human carcinogen but the <br /> others have not be identified as carcinogens . Effects of <br /> the aromatics include renal failure, liver damage, central <br /> nervous system damage, and respiratory tract damage. <br /> Aromatic chemicals can be absorbed through both inhalation <br /> and dermal contact . <br /> Flammability and Explosion Hazards <br /> Flammability is a primary hazard associated with petroleum <br /> hydrocarbons. The flash points of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel <br /> are -450F (high hazard) , 100-130OF (moderate hazard) , and -30 to <br /> 145 OF (moderate to high hazard) , respectively. The lower <br /> 4 <br />