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201 <br /> 5. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE <br /> 16 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES <br /> Io addition to the workers that are exposed to lead in the workplace, several other groups of populations <br /> I risk for potential exposure s aa males between 40and59 yearssof age (EPAtId986d )fetuses, <br /> pulations living near NPL sites, white <br /> that <br /> be <br /> Young children are potentially exposed to lead betause f their ingesabetween 20 andto ingest s50smg of soil per <br /> pntaminated with lad. It has been estimated that children may lead per da b this alone <br /> If the sail contains 100 µg/g of lead, a child may be exposed to 25 Ag of p Y Y <br /> Mulations that <br /> ielke et al. 1989). Fetuses are at even <br /> v ncgoss ttherplacet ;discussed in <br /> texposuroe of wom notto lead during <br /> e unusually susceptible, lead can Ymay stress of <br /> regnancy results in uptake beFrmore, since the physiological <br /> pregnancy <br /> ult in mobilization ofdfrom maternabone, feal uptake of ladcaoccur from a mother was <br /> sure occurs <br /> sed lad before pregnancy, edoduring nt <br /> sure <br /> ay be related to postnatal retardationimpaired postnatal neurobehavioral development, and <br /> educed birth weight and gestational age (EPA 1986a). <br /> eneral population exposure is most likely to occur through the ingestion of food and water that are <br /> of <br /> ntaminated with lead, however, some <br /> ls and older homelies may be expos that may con ain lad hasto ednpaintUr In an <br /> cad in their homes. This is particularly true ofis <br /> [tempt to reduce the amount of exposure due ot°a deteriorating <br /> scrapingaor sandinged paint, . Thesetactivitiesnhave <br /> emoved from homes by burning (gas <br /> n found to result, at least temporarily, in higher levels of exposure for families residing in these homes. <br /> addition, those individuals involved in the paint removal process (i.e., do-it-yourself renovators and <br /> rofessionals who remove lad) can be exposed to such excessive levels that lad poisoning may occur <br /> Chisolm 1986; Feldman 1978; Fischbein et al. 1981; Rabinowitz et al. 1985). Improper removal of lead <br /> om housing known to contain lead-based paint can significantly increase lead levels in dust, thus causing <br /> ead toxicity in children living in the home during the lead removal process; four such cases have been <br /> ocumented (Amitai et al. 1987). <br /> oung children (less than 6 years old) of workers exposed to high levels of lead in workplace air at an <br /> lectronic components plant (61-1,700 µg lead/m3 ambient concentrations) had significantly elevated blood <br /> d levels (13.4 µg/dL) when compared with children from the same locale whose parents did not work <br /> the electronics plant (7.1 µg/dL), although none of the children had blood lead levels in excess of the <br /> d toxicity guideline of 10 Ag/dL (CDC 1991). <br /> creased blood pressure is associated with blood lead concentrations possibly as low as 7 µg/dL. It <br /> pears that this relationship is particularly significant for middle-aged white males (aged 40-59) (EPA <br /> l) <br /> pulations living near the 922 NPL sites that were identified as having lead present in the environmental <br /> redia may be at risk for exposure to high levels of lead. However, the available data are insufficient to <br /> how characterization of the sizes of these populations or intake levels of lead to which they may be <br /> dosed. <br /> :As; <br />