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that would remain from the lead in the soil. In some cases, <br /> after risks from other sources have been addressed, unrestricted <br /> exposure to soil could be allowed while still being protective <br /> (e.g. , where the IEUBK model result was heavily affected by the <br /> other sources) . In other cases, soil risks may still be high <br /> enough to require abatement, containment or institutional <br /> controls to prevent high levels of exposure. In suchillses, <br /> before a conclusion is made that the overall remedy <br /> wbe <br /> protective, institutional controls should be carefully studied to <br /> make sure that they will be implementable, effective in both the <br /> long-term and short-term, and likely to achieve community <br /> acceptance. <br /> A potentially useful approach that can be considered in <br /> conjunction with other, more active measures in reducing blood <br /> lead levels is to develop and promote public education and <br /> awareness programs that focus on the causes and prevention of <br /> lead poisoning in children. EPA'sofficeficeon on abatementollutlon of leadebased <br /> of P <br /> and Toxics (OPPT) provides informat <br /> paint by the homeowner as well as inexpensive preventive measures <br /> the public can take to reduce their exposure to lead. Additional <br /> research to evaluate the effectiveness of educational efforts in <br /> reducing lead exposures are needed to allow better evaluation of <br /> the usefulness of this option. Further, OPPT is assessing the <br /> effectiveness of various lead paint abatement options emphasizing <br /> low-cost methods. For additional information, contact the i <br /> National Lead Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD. <br /> Mining-related bites: Both risk assessors and site ma_.dgers <br /> should be aware that there are a number of factors that affect <br /> the relationship between soil lead concentrations and blood lead <br /> levels. These factors include the variability in soil lead <br /> contribution to house dust levels, or differences in the Use of <br /> bioavailability of lead. See discussion in next section, <br /> blood lead data, for assessing differences between measured and <br /> predicted blood lead levels. <br /> Thus, for mining-related sites without significant past <br /> smelting/milling activity, this interim directive encourages <br /> further research for characterizing the potential impact of <br /> particle size and speciation on soil bioavailability. <br /> Site managers and risk assessors are cautioned that most <br /> areas impacted by mining activities are also associated with <br /> present or historical smelting or milling operations. <br /> Generalizations regarding distinct differences between mining and <br /> smelting or milling sites should be avoided until adequate site <br /> history and characterization are complete. <br /> use of blood lead data: In conducting Remedial <br /> Investigations (RIs) for CERCLA or RCRA Facility Investigations <br /> (RFIs) for RCRA Corrective Action, the interim directive <br /> -14- <br />