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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)-a microcharacterization method. <br /> Operation and Maintenance (O&M) -O&M costs are those that must be Incurred after construction, <br /> but during the remedlation phase, to ensure continued efficiency of the treatment process. The major <br /> components of 0&M costs include: operating labor, maintenance materials and labor, auxiliary materials <br /> and energy, purchased services; administrative costs; insurance, taxes, and licenses; and maintenance <br /> reserve and contingency costs. <br /> Oxidation/Reduction (Biological)-the oxidation or reduction of a metal as a result of a reducing <br /> agent produced by the organism. <br /> Oxidation/Reduction (Chemical) -the oxidation (or reduction) of a metal due to chemical action. <br /> Paint Filter Test (PFT) -a physical characterization test. <br /> Partitioning-equilibrium distribution of a solute between two material phases. <br /> parts per billion (ppb)- units commonly used to express concentrations of chemicals in environmental <br /> media. For example, 1 ounce of a chemical or substance in 1 billion ounces of soil or water is 1 ppb. <br /> parts per million (ppm)-units commonly used to express concentrations of chemicals in <br /> environmental media. For example, 1 ounce of a chemical or substance in 1 million ounces of soil or <br /> water is 1 ppm. <br /> Percolation-movement of water under hydrostatic pressure or gravity through the smaller interstices of <br /> rock, soil, wastes, or S/S-treated wastes. s` <br /> s <br /> Performance Criterion- a measurable performance standard set for an individual property or <br /> parameter. <br /> i <br /> i <br /> Performance Indicator- an easy-to-measure property or parameter selected to characterize the S/S <br /> process or S/S-treated waste. <br /> Permeability-a measure of flow of a fluid through the tortuous pore structure of the waste or S/8- <br /> treated waste. It is expressed as the proportionality constant between flow velocity and the hydraulic <br /> gradient It is a function of both the fluid and solid media. If the permeating fluid is water, the <br /> permeability is termed as hydraulic conductivity. <br /> Phase (of a material) -a region of a material that is physically distinct and is homogeneous in <br /> composition and morphology. <br /> Physical Separation/Beneficiation-these techniques involve the physical separation of particles from <br /> each other based on size, weight, density, surface condition, or other physical characteristics. <br /> Plume-area of or extent of contamination in groundwater. <br /> Polymer-a chemical with repetitive structure formed by the chemical linking of single molecules <br /> (monomers). <br /> Pore-a small cavity or void in a solid. <br /> Pore Size Distribution -variations in pore sizes in solids; each material has its own typical pore size <br /> distribution and related permeability. <br /> K-10 <br />