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contaminants in the dust) by mere observation. The amount of dust "observed" will vary with the position of the observer and the amount and angle of incident light; under some conditions, concentrations of dust that exceed the nuisance dust TLV (10 mg/m3) may be present but it may not be obvious to the observer that such concentrations are present. If it cannot be demonstrated that "visible dust" is an acceptable criteria or action level, then airborne particulate concentrations should be measured with a portable aerosol monitor to ensure cc pliance with the nuisance dust TLV. A determination should also be made to estimate the worse-case concentration of contaminants (such as heavy metals and semi volatile organics) present in 10 mg/m3 of airborne particulates. These estimated concentrations are then compared with established standards for individual compounds to determine if the standards would be exceeded. If yes, then the action level for dust/particulates should be set at a level such that the standard for the individual contaminant would not be exceeded. In this case, portable aerosol monitors should be supplemented with personal sampling for the specific contaminant(s) using NIOSH methods. It should be noted that the nuisance dust TLV is valid only if the dust contains no asbestos and has less than to crystalline silica. If these criteria are not met, then the action level must be adjusted to account for the presence of the specific dusts present (silica, asbestos, other silicates) . It is recognized that some municipalities may enforce a "visible dust" criteria for construction projects, but TSCD will not typically accept "visible dust" as a means for determining the presence or absence of a health hazard. Heat Stress Heat stress potential is often overlooked because it is assumed that work will be performed in cooler temperatures. Projects are often subject to delay, and unseasonably-warm tenmeratures are ccr non in California at any given time. Therefore, heat stress should be addressed in virtually every SSP. The following issues should be disaussed: anticipated tenmeratures, worker acclimatization, symptoms of the various stages of heat stress, first aid, atirrz-)spheric monitoring, personal (physiological) monitoring, and parameters for establishing work-rest cycles. Work-rest cycles must take the following criteria into account: personnel work load (energy expended) , degree of acclimatization, and the type of pro.-ctive clothing used. Note that most readily-available work-rest cycle tables assume `.:rat workers will be clothed in cotton coveralls or work clothes; if worke--s will be wearing semi-impermeable or i_-rp° _able ga--me-nt.s, such rales will be invalid unless substanti al adjustments are made. - 9 -