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I PPM EM ASSESSMENT FIEPORT 14800 West Frontage Road Manteca California breaking the molecular bonds This reaction also produces carbon dioxide and a secondary by-product Depending on the type of organic compound being destroyed, the secondary by-product can potentially be hazardous and may need to be disposed of or treated ' Before utilizing this treatment alternative, groundwater chemistry, contaminant type and concentration, and flow rates must be evaluated 5 2.3.4 Absorption Organic compounds may be absorbed onto a medium, such as activated carbon, as a treatment alternative Once the medium becomes saturated with the compound(s) it must be treated or replaced Because of the inherent costs associated with treatment or I replacement of the medium, this alternative is only practical for low flow and contaminant concentrations and is often used as a secondary treatment in conjunction with other systems When absorption is used as the primary treatment for dissolved organic I compounds, groundwater may need to be pre-treated to remove certain inorganic compounds to prevent clogging of the medium 5.2 3 5 Direct Discharge or Disposal Direct discharge or disposal can be a viable remed,at,on alternative when discharge chemistry, contaminant types and concentrations, and flow rates qualify for discharge to a sanitary treatment system, recycling facility, or surface water Factors that need to be considered prior to selecting this alternative include not only those mentioned above, but the availability of a sanitary treatment facility and/or surface water, transportation costs, permitting requirements, characterization requirements, and liability Typically, sanitary districts and recycling facilities require complete characterization of the waste stream, regular monitoring, and a fee for discharge to the facility Direct discharge to a storm sewer system or surface water body is permitted under the NPDES The NPDES permit system requires on going characterization of the waste stream, complete facility description, and a complete description of the surface water system to which the waste stream is discharged 5 2.3.6 Separation/Filtration Separation/filtration of sludge, liquid hydrocarbons (free product), and inorganic compounds is utilized to increase treatment and disposal options of extracted groundwater Separation typically involves the use of a tank or pond to allow either rsettling of solids or the separation of undissolved organic constituents from groundwater The by-products are regularly collected and disposed of appropriately Methods of filtration include reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, micro-filtration, bipolar separations, and electrolysis The newer filtration systems are more chemically resistant and versatile Filtration systems generate waste concentrate that must also be disposed of appropriately 90-097A PAR 16