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Project No.4-419-0381 August 29,2019 Page No. 11 Heat stroke Heat Stroke is the most serious heat stress and occurs when the body's temperature control is overcome by high body temperature and begins to shut down the body.Rapid cooling is urgently needed to prevent death. The symptoms include high body temperature (1067), red, dry, hot skin, strong and rapid pulse, no sweating,nausea, dizziness,confusion,delirium, convulsions, fainting or collapse, and coma. First aid for heat stroke includes: • Get immediate medical help; and • Cool the person rapidly(remove to a cool, shaded area,bathe their body in water,and if conscious, have them sip cool water). 3.3.5.2 Cold Stress Cold Stress Cols Stress occurs when the body is unable to compensate for excessive heat loss. Cold stress includes frostbite and hypothermia.To prevent cold stress,wear layers of clothing to keep warm and dry and protect the head,hands,and feet from cold. Cooling power of the wind is shown in Table 4. Frostbite Frostbite occurs when body parts freeze. Hands, feet, ears, nose, lips, cheeks, and chin are the most vulnerable to frostbite. There are three stages of frostbite: 1) shallow skin, 2) intermediate skin and underlying tissues, and 3) deep frostbite to the bone. The symptoms include the skin changing from red to pale or waxy with tingling,stinging and cold sensations,then gradually becoming numb.Deep frostbite has a cold, solid feel with pale color. First aid for frostbite includes: • Rest in a warm, sheltered area; • Get medical treatment for intermediate and deep frostbite; • Apply warmth to affected areas; and • Elevate frostbitten areas of the body. DO NOT RUB OR MASSAGE! (Have the person move or exercise the affected areas as soon as possible) Hypothermia Hypothermia occurs when heat loss causes the body temperature to lower.It usually occurs in temperatures of 30°to 50°F.Rapid warming is urgently needed to prevent death.The symptoms include severe shivering (shivering decreases as body temperature lowers), disorientation, an uncaring attitude, slower breathing, slow speech,forgetfulness,loss of manual dexterity,pupils become fully dilated at 86°F body temperature, and eventually leads to unconsciousness and death at body temperatures of 80°F and lower. The first recognizable warning sign is shivering. First aid for hypothermia includes: • Rest in a warm, sheltered area; • If hypothermia advances beyond shivering, get immediate medical help; • Remove wet clothing and apply heat to the body; and • Drink warm water and eat warm food if conscious. 3.3.6 Ergonomic Hazards The interaction of personnel with their working environment at this site may present potential hazards,such as incorrect lifting of heavy loads, equipment vibrations, or improper body positioning. All of the Ll SALEM engineering group. inc.