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Project No.4-419-0381 August 29,2019 Page No. 17 Person-to-person transmission of the disease is rare. It may occur when a person is exposed to infectious, aerosolized droplets from another person experiencing paroxysmal(sudden,very forceful)coughing during the acute illness. When a person breathes in Chlamydia psittaci bacteria,the lungs'defense mechanisms attempt to neutralize them.The bacteria that avoid this defense start an infection that varies in severity from a mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia. Generally,the signs and symptoms appear within 4 to 15 days after exposure. These include: • Fever; • Chills; • Cough; • Weakness or fatigue; • Muscle and chest pain; • Loss of appetite; • Nausea; • Vomiting; • Diarrhea; • Headache; • Sweating; and • Abnormal intolerance to light. Psittacosis is primarily a lung disease but it can involve several organs. Some reports show that inflammation of the liver, lining of the heart cavity,the heart muscle, and the brain can occur. The course of the disease is variable and it can result in death. However, fatal cases are rare. In mild cases, fever may continue for three weeks or more. For accurate diagnosis of psittacosis,a doctor must know that the person has been exposed to birds and that the suspected birds are infected with Chlamydia psittaci. Laboratory examinations can identify the organism and detect the signs of infection. Patients who develop psittacosis require treatment with specific drugs. The disease is very responsive to tetracycline but is resistant to penicillin. Preventive measures include feeding birds properly, avoiding overcrowding, and adequate ventilation systems. Clean cages are also important. 3.3.8.6 Stinging Insects Nearly everyone has been stung by an insect at one time or another. It is an unpleasant experience that people hope not to repeat, but for most people the damage inflicted is only temporary pain. Only a very limited portion of the population (one to two people out of 1,000) is allergic or hypersensitive to bee or wasp stings. This section is about stings from Africanized bees, bees and wasps,but the information also pertains to stings from fire ants as well. Stinging insects are limited to the order Hymenoptera,which includes wasps,bees,and ants. The stinger is a modified egg-laying apparatus, so only females can sting. Most hymenopterans live solitary lives and their behavior is more likely to be flight than fight. Social hymenopterans,including yellow jackets,bumble bees,honey bees,and fire ants,have individuals in the colony whose task it is to defend the nest.If the nest is disturbed, these individuals will defend it vigorously. In addition, foraging members of the colony will also sting if they are disturbed or injured as they go about their activities. Some, such as the yellow jacket, are much more liable to attack than others. Ll SALEM engineering group. inc.